Biotech Flashcards
(43 cards)
Linked genes
Close together on chromosome
How are linked genes inherited
They do not sort independently during meiosis like other genes
Recombinant DNA
DNA from 2 different strands, combined into one
What is often used as a vector
Bacterial plasmids
What does DNA ligase do
Binds nucleotides together
How does recombinant DNA tech work for us
Desired gene is inserted into plasmid, plasmid is returned to bacteria to make product
Where do restriction enzymes come from
Bacteria
What do restriction enzymes do
Cut DNA at specific sites
Restriction sites
Sites that restriction enzymes recognize and cut
Sticky ends
Ends of single stranded DNA fragment cut by restriction enzyme
Why are sticky ends useful in recombinant DNA
Form hydrogen bonded base pairs with complementary single stranded stretches of DNA
How are DNA fragments at the sticky ends joined together
Enzyme
DNA ligase
Genomic library
Info from all genes
What enzyme is used to convert RNA into DNA in retroviruses
Reverse transcriptase
Difference between cDNA library and genomic library
cDNA-only has info from active genes
Genomic-info from all genes
Advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare genes for cloning
No introns
What bacteria is most often used for recombinant DNA work
E. coli
Advantage of using recombinant tech to make human insulin over those of the past
Less likely for allergic reaction
How do vaccines work
Stimulate immune system
What needs to be done to ensure that gene therapy is permanent
Normal gene transferred to somatic gene that can multiply
What process is used to amp DNA samples
Polymerase chain reaction
PCR
In gel electrophoresis, DNA is sorted based on what
Size
What acts like the filter in gel electrophoresis
Gel
What is STR analysis
Used for DNA profiling
