Bipolar Disorder Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the lifetime prevalence rate of BP-II among adults?
About 1.1%
This statistic reflects the proportion of adults who have experienced BP-II at any point in their lives.
What is the current prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder?
Much higher at 3.9%
This figure indicates the rate of individuals currently experiencing bipolar spectrum disorder.
What is the increased risk factor for developing a mood disorder in later adolescence for children with anxiety disorders?
~ 2.5-fold
This suggests that children with anxiety disorders are significantly more likely to develop mood disorders later on.
What disorders are commonly diagnosed alongside prepubertal mania?
ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
Up to 90% of individuals diagnosed with prepubertal mania may have these comorbidities.
How does cannabis abuse affect adolescents with bipolar disorder?
Increases rates of psychosis
Cannabis use has been linked to worsening psychotic symptoms in this population.
What percentage of variance in bipolar disorder is explained by genetic influences according to twin studies?
Approximately 60%–93%
This indicates a strong genetic component in the etiology of bipolar disorder.
What are the environmental factors accounting for the variance in bipolar disorder?
- Shared environmental factors: 30%–40%
- Unique environmental factors: 10%–21%
These factors contribute to the development of bipolar disorder alongside genetic influences.
What percent of patients were euthymic for most period for patients in the COBY study?
22% of population
This reflects the proportion of time patients were symptom-free during the study.
What percentage of individuals initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder NOS converted to BP-I or BP-II within 4 years in the COBY study?
40%
This highlights the evolving nature of bipolar disorder diagnoses in youth.
What is the first step in psychoeducation for bipolar disorder?
Educate the patient and family members about bipolar disorder
This fundamental step helps in understanding the disorder and its management.
What laboratory tests should be obtained at baseline for managing bipolar disorder?
- Complete blood count
- Platelets
- Fasting blood glucose
- Tests of liver and renal functioning
- Cholesterol and lipids
- Thyroid test (TSH)
These tests provide essential health information before starting treatment.
What should be done if side effects of medication are minimal and treatment efficacy is clear?
Continue treatment
This ensures that the patient benefits from the effective medication.
What are the six empirically supported psychosocial interventions for early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders?
- Child- and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Multifamily or individual family psychoeducation
- Family-focused treatment for adolescents
- Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents
- Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy for adolescents
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bipolar disorders in adolescents
These interventions have been shown to be effective in managing early-onset bipolar disorders.
Which medications have FDA approval for mixed or manic episodes in adolescents?
- Olanzapine (ages 13–17 years)
- Risperidone (ages 10–17 years)
- Aripiprazole (ages 10–17 years)
- Quetiapine (ages 10–17 years)
- Asenapine (ages 10–17 years)
- Lithium (ages 7–17 years)
These medications are recognized for their efficacy in treating manic episodes in young individuals.
What is the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study focused on?
Evaluating lithium, risperidone, and divalproex sodium in children with bipolar I disorder
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of these medications in young patients.
What is the relationship between the definition of bipolar disorder and the age of onset?
Age at onset varies by definition
Different criteria can influence when symptoms are first reported and how they are classified.
What comorbidities are important to assess in children with bipolar disorder?
- ADHD
- Anxiety disorders
- PTSD
- Schizophrenia
- Substance abuse disorder
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
These comorbidities can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder.
What is the differential diagnosis for bipolar disorder?
- ADHD
- Anxiety disorders
- PTSD
- Schizophrenia
- Substance abuse disorder
- DMDD
These conditions may exhibit overlapping symptoms with bipolar disorder.
What current evidence supports the treatment modalities for early-onset mania?
More evidence for atypical antipsychotics than for lithium or anticonvulsants
This indicates a shift in treatment preferences based on efficacy data.
