Block 1 Chp. 12 GI Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
celi/o
A
abdomen
3
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen
4
Q
an/o
A
anus
5
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
6
Q
bil/i
A
bile
7
Q
chol/e
A
bile
8
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
9
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
10
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
colon
11
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder, sac
12
Q
dent/i
A
teeth
13
Q
doch/o
A
duct
14
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
15
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
16
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
17
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
18
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum
19
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
20
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
21
Q
hepat/o, hepatic/o
A
liver
22
Q
herni/o
A
hernia
23
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
24
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum (empty)
25
lith/o
stone
26
or/o
mouth
27
stomat/o
mouth
28
pancreat/o
pancreas
29
peritone/o
peritoneum
30
phag/o
eat, swallow
31
proct/o
anus, rectum
32
pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
33
rect/o
rectum
34
sial/o
saliva
35
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles)
36
steat/o
fat
37
#NAME?
vomiting
38
cavity that receives food for digestion
oral cavity or mouth
39
three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular (submaxillary), and the sublingual glands
salivary glands
40
lateral walls of the mouth
cheeks
41
fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
lips
42
structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided in to the hard and the soft
palate
43
small projection hanging from teh back middle edge of he soft palate
uvula
44
muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum
tongue
45
tissue covering the processes of the jaws
gums
46
hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating food
teeth
47
throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx
pharynx
48
muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
49
sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus
stomach
50
opening from the esophagus to the stomach
cardiac sphincter
51
opening from the stomach into the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
52
smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
small intestine
53
first portion of the small intestine
duodenum
54
second portion of the small intestine
jejunum
55
third portion of the small intestin
ileum
56
larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation
large intestine
57
first part of the large intestine
cecum
58
worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection
vermiform appendix
59
portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape
colon
60
portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum
ascending colon
61
portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum
transverse colon
62
portion of the colon that extends downward from teh transcerse colon
descending colon
63
portion of the colon (resembling an "S" in shape) that terminates at the rectum
sigmoid colon
64
distal (end) portion of the large intestine
rectum
65
dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
rectal ampulla
66
opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
anus
67
waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid
feces
68
evacuation of feces from the rectum
defecation
69
membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)
peritoneum
70
space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
71
an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
omentum
72
organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
liver
73
receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in thd liver
gallbladder
74
gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
pancreas
75
ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts
biliary ducts
76
upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
hypochondriac regions
77
upper middle region below the sternum
epigastric region
78
middle lateral regions
lumbar regions
79
region of the navel
umbilical region
80
lower lateral groin regions
inguinal regions
81
region below the navel
hypogastric region
82
loss of appetite
anorexia
83
inability to swallow
aphagia
84
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
85
in the cheek
buccal
86
frequent loose or liquid stools
diarrhea
87
infrequent of incomplete bowel movement characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
constipation
88
indigestion
dyspepsia
89
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
90
belch
eructation
91
gas in the stomach or intestines
flatulence
92
bad breath
halitosis
93
vomiting blood
hematemesis
94
red blood in stool
hematochezia
95
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
96
excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
hyperbilirubinemia
97
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
jaundice, icterus
98
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
melena
99
feeling sick in the stomach
nausea
100
feces containing fat
steatorrhea
101
under the tongue
sublingual, hypoglossal
102
tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
ankyloglossia
103
inflammation of the lip
cheilitis
104
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhate
esophageal varices
105
inflammation of the esophagus
esophagitis
106
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
107
backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
108
inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
109
inflammation of the tongue
glossitis
110
inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps
parotiditis, parotitis
111
sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
112
ulcer located in the stomach
gastric ulcer
113
ulcer located in the duodenum
duodenal ulcer
114
narrowed condition of the pylorus
pyloric stenosis
115
inflammation of the a salivary gland
sialoadenitis
116
inflammation of teh mouth
stomatitis
117
an abnormal, tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
anal fistula
118
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
119
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
colitis
120
chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations
ulcerative colitis
121
benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignanacy
colorectal polyps
122
polyp projected on a stalk
pediculated polyp
123
polyp lying flat on a the surface
sessile polyp
124
an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
diverticulum
125
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon
diverticulosis
126
inflammation of diverticula
diverticulitis
127
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
dysentery
128
inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
129
swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
hemorrhoid
130
protrusion of a part from its normal location
hernia
131
protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
132
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
inguinal hernia
133
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
incarcerated hernia
134
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
strangulated hernia
135
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)
umbilical hernia
136
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
ileitis
137
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
intussusception
138
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
139
inflammation of the rectum and the anus
proctitis
140
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
volvulus
141
inflammation of the bile ducts
cholangitis
142
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
143
presence of stones in the common bile duct
choledocholithiasis
144
presence of stones in the gallbladder of bile ducts
cholelithiasis
145
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
cirrhosis
146
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
147
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
hepatitis A
148
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
hepatitis B
149
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually
hepatitis C
150
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
151
removal and microscopic study of tissue for pathological examination
biopsy (Bx)
152
removal of a portion of a lesion for study
incisional biopsy
153
removal of an entire lesion for study
excisional biopsy
154
percutaneous removal of tissue or fluid for study using a special, hollow needle
needle biopsy
155
examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment; used in the GI tract to detect abnormalities and to perform procedures such as biopsy, excision of lesions, and therapeutic interventions
endoscopy
156
examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope
colonoscopy
157
examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
proctoscopy
158
examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
sigmoidoscopy
159
examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes, such as biopsy, excision of lesions, removal of swallowed objects, dilation of obstructions, stent placement, measures to control hemorrhage, etc.
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
160
examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and then swallowed; images are transmitted to a waist-belt recorder and then downloaded onto a computer for assessment of possible abnormalities; traditional endoscopy cannot completely access the small intestine because of its length and complexity
capsule endoscopy
161
endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, and pancreas; includes use of instruments to obtain tissues samples, extract biliary stones, relieve obstructions, etc.
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
162
examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery
laparoscopy
163
nonionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the GI tract
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
164
x-ray imaging used to detect a condition or anomaly within the GI tract
radiography
165
x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium; barium is the most commonly used medium
upper gastrointestinal (GI) series
166
x-ray of the esophagus only; often used to locate swallowed objects
barium swallow
167
x-ray imaging with a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion
fluoroscopy
168
x-ray examination of the small intestine; generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series
small bowel series
169
x-ray imaging of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium
lower gastrointestinal (GI) series, barium enema
170
x-ray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery
cholangiogram
171
x-ray image of the gallbladder obtained after oral ingestion of iodine
cholecystogram
172
cross-sectional x-ray imaging of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract
computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen
173
ultrasound imaging
sonography
174
ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular structures
abdominal sonogram
175
images produced using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to evaluate abnormalities of the upper and lower GI tracts and adjacent structures; also used to guide needle biopsy of tissue and in determining the stage of a malignancy
endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
176
isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms; if organisms are present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed
stool culture and sensitivity (C&S)
177
chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the GI tract
stool occult blood study
178
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
abdominocentesis
179
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (e.g., fluid accumulated in ascites)
abdominal paracentesis
180
excision of an anal fistula
anal fistulectomy
181
union of two hollow vessels; a technique used in bowel surgery
anastomosis
182
excision of a diseased appendix
appendectomy
183
treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food
bariatric surgery
184
repair of the lip
cheiloplasty
185
excision of the gallbladder; common treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease
cholecystectomy
186
excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
187
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a disease portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions
colostomy
188
repair of the esophagus
esophagoplasty
189
partial or complete removal of the stomach
gastrectomy
190
partial removal and repair of the stomach
gastric resection
191
formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of gastrectomy to route food from the remainder of the stomach to the intestine; also performed to repair a perforated duedenal ulcer
gastroenterostomy
192
excision of all or part of the tongue
glossectomy
193
suture of the tongue
glossorrhaphy
194
excision of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
195
excision of a lobe of the liver
hepatic lobectomy
196
repair of a hernia
herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty
197
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon, such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel dieseases
ileostomy
198
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
laparoscopic surgery
199
incision into the abdomen
laparotomy
200
excision of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
201
excision of polyps
polypectomy
202
repair of the anus and rectum
proctoplasty
203
oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding
gastric lavage
204
insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
nasogastric (NG) intubation
205
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
antacid
206
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
antiemetic
207
drug that decreases motility in the GI tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
antispasmodic
208
drug that causes movement of the bowels
cathartic, laxative
