Block 10

Question 1

the study of the action of drugs on living organisms

Answer 1

pharmacology

Question 2

drug-induced changes in the functioning of nerve cells

Answer 2

neuropharmacology

Question 3

drug-induced changes in behavior

Answer 3

psychopharmacology

Question 4

drug-induced changes in the function of select neurons that influence specific behaviors

Answer 4

neuropsychopharmacology

Question 5

molecular changes produced by drug binding to a target site or receptor

Answer 5

drug action

Question 6

drug/receptor interactions that produce the desired effect

Answer 6

therapeutic effect

Question 7

drug effects other than the desired effect that vary from annoying to dangerous

Answer 7

side effect

Question 8

classification of drugs that produce general decrease in cognitive and behavioral processes

Answer 8

depressants

Question 9

alcohol, marijuana, barbiturates, benzos are examples of ___

Answer 9

depressants

Question 10

classification of drugs that produce an increase in behavior and thought

Answer 10

stimulants

Question 11

nicotine, caffeine, amphetamine, and cocaine are examples of ___

Answer 11

stimulants

Question 12

classification of drugs that alter your perception of reality

Answer 12

hallucinogens and opiates

Question 13

LSD and derivatives, and opium are examples of __

Answer 13

hallucinogens and opiates

Question 14

3 factors that influence drug action in the CNS

Answer 14

chemical structure, dose, bioavailability

Question 15

determines how quickly and how much is liberated and absorbed into blood, how quickly it reaches target, and how quickly the drug effect occurs

Answer 15

administration

Question 16

release of drug into a biological system from an administered form

Answer 16

liberation

Question 17

chemicals to facilitate ability of drugs to exist in different forms

Answer 17

excipients

Question 18

movement of drug from site of administration to the blood circulation to the body; influenced by route of administration and liberation factors

Answer 18

absorption and distribution

Question 19

duration of effectiveness before the drug is broken down and inactivated

Answer 19

elimination

Question 20

the amount of time it takes to eliminate 50% of the drug from the body

Answer 20

half-life

Question 21

it typically takes __ half-lives to reduce a drug to ineffective concentrations

Answer 21

6

Question 22

drug metabolism typically occurs in the __

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

phase of biotransformation; modification (oxidation or hydrolysis) of parent structure that produces a polar metabolite that can then be rid from the body in urine

Answer 23

phase I

Question 24

phase of biotransformation; conjugation with a salt or amino acid, produces ionized, biologically inactive molecules

Answer 24

phase II

Question 25

inactivates drugs and makes them more water soluble and easier to excrete

Answer 25

biotransformation (phase I & II)

Question 26

more and more of the drug becomes required to produce a desired effect

Answer 26

tolerance

Question 27

physiological and psychological need for a drug

Answer 27

addiction

Question 28

physical and psychological symptoms opposite from those the drug induces

Answer 28

withdrawal

Question 29

Where is alcohol distributed?

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

When is the peak blood concentration of alcohol?

Answer 30

30-60 minutes after ingestion

Question 31

How is alcohol eliminated?

Answer 31

metabolized by the liver

Question 32

3 effects of alcohol exposure

Answer 32

Korsakoff's disease, liver cirrhosis, fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 33

How is marijuana distributed?

Answer 33

enters blood stream through the lungs

Question 34

When is the peak concentration of marijuana? When is the behavioral peak?

Answer 34

30 minutes, 2-3 hours

Question 35

3 effects of alcohol on the membrane

Answer 35

causes membrane to become more flexible, reduces efficiency of neuronal transmission, disrupts activity of membrane receptors

Question 36

Why do marijuana and alcohol have an effect on the membrane?

Answer 36

they are lipophilic and the membrane is a lipid

Question 37

alcohol produces __ by enhancing action of GABA and reducing the action of glutamate

Answer 37

global inhibition

Question 38

__ receptors are concentrated in basal ganglia and cerebellum and frontal cortex

Answer 38

cannabinoid

Question 39

effects of sedatives/tranquilizers have greater effects than alone when taken together, making them __

Answer 39

supra-additive

Question 40

__ and __ have specific binding sites on GABA receptors, making them allosteric modifiers

Answer 40

benzodiazapines and barbiturates

Question 41

caffeine is a __ receptor __

Answer 41

adenosine agonist

Question 42

Amphetamines and cocaine have powerful stimulant effects through overlapping mechanisms of __

Answer 42

dopamine

Question 43

How is cocaine eliminated?

Answer 43

metabolized by specific esterase enzyme in the brain