Block 3 Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
On a low-enroute chart, what is the difference between these two arrows?
A
The open (white) arrow means that DME can be used to identify the fix the arrow points at.
The dark (black) arrow means the aircraft can NOT use DME to identify the fix it points at.
2
Q
What may be obtained from the attitude indicator?
A
Degrees of bank
3
Q
TCAS II generates what?
A
Traffic and Resolution Advisories
4
Q
The different classes of VORs are:
A
High, Low, Terminal
5
Q
What is the vertical line on the compass that indicates the direction you are heading called?
A
The Lubber Line
6
Q
What are the 3 fixed route systems?
A
Airways Jet Route System RNAV Routes
7
Q
About how many feet is 1 NM?
A
~6000ft
8
Q
The Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) is found on which type of approach?
A
Non-precision Approach
9
Q
What is the most realistic/reliable flight instrument?
A
The Attitude Indicator
10
Q
What are the 3 classes of VORs?
A
Terminal Low High
11
Q
On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?
A
VOR
Black one is Compulsary Reporting
12
Q
What is an LPV?
A
Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance
(Based on WAAS lateral and vertical guidence)
13
Q
What is the minimum number of satellites necessary to established a 3D position?
A
4
14
Q
On a low-enroute chart, a thin MTR line means:
A
The MTR is 5NM or less on each side
15
Q
The height of an obstruction is indicated on the chart in feet above _______.
A
Both ground level and sea level
16
Q
The reference line for measuring east-west distances is the _______
A
Prime Meridian
17
Q
On a low-enroute chart, a frequency which is underlined within a communication box indicates ______.
A
There is no voice transmitted on that frequency
18
Q
A pilot can receive HIWAS broadcasts via the voice portion of a NAVAID if its communications box has a ______.
A
Blue filled-in circle with a white H
19
Q
What is the difference between the HAT (height above touchdown zone) and the HAA (height above airport)?
A
The HAT is used for straight in approaches while the HAA is used for circling approaches where the runway for is unknown.
20
Q
On a low-enroute chart, a Mode C Area is depicted by _______.
A
A solid blue outline
21
Q
What three systems are used in aviation to confirm and improve GPS accuracy?
A
WAAS LAAS RAIM
22
Q
What are the 3 advantages of radio navigation?
A
- All Weather Capabilities - Night Approaches - Bad Weather Approaches
23
Q
How many different areas of IFR Low Enroute charts are there?
A
36
24
Q
What is a great circle route?
A
The shortest distance between two points on the earth
25
On enroute charts, warning areas are shown within what color hatched boundary?
Blue hatched for warning areas
26
NEodd / SWeven cruise altitudes are based off of true course, or true headings?
True COURSE
27
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude
A rhumb line
28
How often are A/FDs published?
Every 56 days
29
Which will always be a bigger number, SM or NM?
SM will always be greater than NM
30
On enroute charts, alert areas are shown within what color hatched boundary?
Brown hatched for alert areas
31
In the airport data "4500 L 72 122.95" what does the 4500 refer to?
Airport elevation above sea level
32
On the _____ line, no correction is necessary.
agonic line
33
How far do low VORTACs extend out?
40 miles
34
On a low-enroute chart, a thick MTR line means:
The MTR is greater than 5NM on each side
35
What kind of vertical clearance does an OROCA ensure?
1,000ft above non-mountanous areas
2,000ft above mountaneous areas
36
See image
Other than Hard Surfaced Runways
37
On low-enroute charts, airports with approved instrument approach procedures are depicted in which 2 colors?
Blue and Green
38
1 NM = ____ SM
1 NM = 1.15 SM
39
On a low-enroute chart, shaded (brown) areas indicate what?
Uncontrolled (class G) airspace below 14,500ft
40
The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at any given point is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Variation
41
On a low-enroute chart, a star in the airport data is used to indicate what?
Part-time
42
How are all NDBs, except compass locators, identified?
Three-letter identifier in Morse code
43
What altitudes do terminal VORTACs operate for?
12,000 and below
44
What are WACs designed for?
Visual navigation, used by moderate speed aircraft
45
On low-enroute charts, What type of (or who uses) airports are these?
Civil
Blue: High altitude aircraft
Green: Regular Type Aircraft
Brown: No IAPs, but still at least 3000ft long runway
46
The primary purpose of an IFR area chart is to furnish \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Terminal data for IFR flights
47
What unit of speed is used for SM?
MPH
48
On a sectional chart, what color is Class D airspace?
Dashed blue
49
Changeover Points are only depicted when \_\_\_\_\_\_. __ | \_\_|
The point is NOT the halfway point between the two navaids
50
Who is responsible for operating the GPS satellite constellation?
The DOD
51
See Image
Open dot indicates approx. location of VOR
52
The magnetic compass error that may change as the aircraft heading changes.
Magnetic Deviation
53
What are the two standard marker beacons associated with an ILS?
Outer Marker (OM) Middle Marker (MM)
54
How often are World Aeronautical Charts (WACs) published?
Every 12 months
55
TCAS I generates what?
Traffic advisories only
56
The type of navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations is \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Dead reckoning
57
What is the only instrument connected to the pitot tube?
Airspeed indicator
58
1NM is equal to how many minutes of latitude?
1 minute of latitude
59
True heading is true course corrected for effects of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Wind
60
Variation is the angular difference between true north and magnetic north. What are the lines called that connect points of equal difference?
Isogonic Lines
61
Draw/describe the time/distance/speed calculation circle
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | D | |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_| | S | T | |\_\_\_\_|\_\_\_ |
62
What is precession in regards to a gyro?
The deflection of a spinning wheel when a force is applied
63
Which lines connect points of equal difference between true and magnetic north?
Isogonic Lines
64
The method of determining and maintaining a desired course or determining an aircraft's position by use of NAVAIDs on the ground is \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Radio Naviation
65
On a sectional chart, what color is Class E airspace (at 700 AGL)
Solid Magenta (feathered)
66
A VOR antenna transmission pattern is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Omni-directional
67
For east variation, \_\_\_(add/subtract)\_\_ degrees of variation
Subtract
68
How often are sectional charts published?
Every 6 months
69
See image
Hard-surfaced runways
70
The Decision Altitude (DA) is found on which type of approach?
Precision Approach
71
The boundary of Class B airspace is always depicted in what color?
Blue
72
What altitudes do low VORTACs operate for?
Below 18,000
73
Which 3 instruments use the properties of a gyroscope for their operation?
Turn Coordinator Heading Indicator Attitude Indicator
74
On a sectional chart, what color is Class E airspace (at surface)
Dashed magenta
75
On a low-enroute chart, when included in the airport data, (A) means what?
ATIS is available
76
How often are TACs published?
Every 6 months
77
What are the 3 components of the HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator)?
- Heading Indicator - VOR/LOC Indicator - Glide Slope Indicator
78
What does a "T" or an "R" after a frequency indicate?
That FSS can either Transmit or Recieve on that frequency
79
On a low-enroute chart, this symbol denotes a \_\_\_\_\_.
Minimum Crosssing Altitude (MCA)
80
On a low-enroute chart, an "L" with a circle around it in the airport data means what?
Pilot controlled lighting available
81
On a sectional chart, what color is Class C airspace?
Solid magenta
82
This term refers collectively to the worldwide positioning, navigation and timing for one or more satellites
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
83
On a low-enroute chart, which 2 special use airspaces have their perimiters hashed in brown?
Alert Areas
MOAs
84
How many minutes are there in 1 degree of latitude?
60
85
On a low-enroute chart, what color are LF/MF airways vs UHF/VHF airways?
LF/MF = Brown
UHF/VHF = Black
86
What does this symbol mean when the airway bends around a navaid?
The navaid is not a part of that airway
87
What are the 4 segments of an instrument approach?
Initial
Intermediate
Final
Missed
88
On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?
TACAN
89
What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator?
Transponder
90
The protected airspace on a victor airway are:
4 NM each side until 51 miles from the VORTAC, then (if another VORTAC is further than 51 miles) a constant extension at a rate of 4.5deg until 10mi each side.
91
What does it mean when a frequency in the communication box is underlined?
The pilot can NOT receive live transmissions from the FSS, but CAN receive recorded broadcasts such as HIWAS and TWEBs
92
What altitudes do high VORTACs operate for?
1,200 - Upwards
93
Which direction do longitude lines measure?
East and West of the Prime Meridian
94
MEFs depict the elevation of the highest \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Known feature within each quadrangle of the chart
95
How far do terminal VORTACs extend out?
25 miles
96
On an approach to a specific runway, what do these minimums mean?
5880-1 364 (400-1)
MDA or DA: 5880
1mi visibility required
HAT: 374 AGL
(400-1) is for military
97
Which airspeed is relative to undisturbed air mass?
True Air Speed
98
How do aircraft using TACAN receive their DME?
Automatically
99
On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?
VOR/DME
Black one is Compulsary Reporting
100
On ______ lines, an east/west correction is necessary.
Isogonic lines
101
On a sectional chart, what color is Class B airspace?
Solid blue
102
Which airports are depicted on IFR Low Enroute Charts?
Airports with an Instrument Approach Procedure or a hard surfaced runway at least 3000ft long
103
On a low-enroute chart, this symbol denotes a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Minimum reception altitude (MRA)
104
The major components of the pitot-static system are:
Impact and static chambers and lines
105
What are the 2 Disadvantages of radio navigation?
- Malfunction - Interference
106
Concerning Pressure Changes, High to low, look out \_\_\_\_\_\_. Low to high, look to the \_\_\_\_\_.
Below Sky
107
How is the FAF depicted on a non-precision approach?
Maltese Cross
108
What can the RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator) be used for?
Finds an intersection by tracking two VORs
109
On a low-enroute chart, a (T) depicted next to the facility name means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The facility is a Terminal class NAVAID
110
Sectional charts are primarily used for:
Pilotage
111
On a sectional chart, what color is Class E airspace (at 1200 AGL)
Solid blue (feathered)
112
What unit of speed is used for NM?
KTS
113
What is rigidity in regards to a gyro?
The tendency for a gyro to always remain upright
114
What are the 2 types of precision approaches?
ILS and PAR
115
Airports with control towers are always depicted in which color?
In Blue
116
What is the primary difference between a VOR and a TACAN?
TACAN operates in the UHF band
117
What is the basic form of navigation for a beginning pilot?
Pilotage
118
On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?
VORTAC
Dark one is Compulsary Reporting
119
1 SM = ____ NM
1 SM = 0.87 NM
120
The reference line for measuring north-south distances is the \_\_\_\_\_\_
Equator
121
Which airspeed is used for flight planning and the enroute portion of the flight?
True Air Speed
122
On a low-enroute chart, what is an OROCA (Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude)?
Depicted within each quadrangle on the chart to show minimum safe altitudes
123
About how many feet is 1 SM?
5,280ft
124
A time zone is established for every _____ degrees of longitude.
15
125
On low-enroute charts, What type of (or who uses) airports are these?
Civil-Military
Blue: High altitude aircraft
Green: Regular Type Aircraft
Brown: No IAPs, but still at least 3000ft long runway
126
The VOR Course deviation needle indicates the aircraft's position in relation to the selected \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Radial
127
On low-enroute charts, What type of (or who uses) airports are these?
Military
Blue: High altitude aircraft
Green: Regular Type Aircraft
Brown: No IAPs, but still at least 3000ft long runway
128
A line of equal magnetic variation is called a(n) ______ line.
Isogonic
129
A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage or ground or space-based navigation aids is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Area Navigation (RNAV)
130
Which type of route adjusts for the curvature of the earth?
A Great Circle Route
131
What method of navigation requires flying a predetermined course, taking into account the effects of wind?
Dead reckoning
132
On a low-enroute chart, which 3 special use airspaces have their perimiters hashed in blue?
Prohibited
Restricted
Warning
133
What are the 2 major parts of the pitot-static system?
1. The pitot tube with impact pressure chamber and lines 2. The static air vents with static pressure chamber and lines
134
What is the maximum non-radar lateral protected airspace on a victor airway?
10nm each side
135
What are the 2 fundamental properties of gyroscopic action?
- Rigidity in space - Precession
136
On a low-enroute chart, light brown shading indicates the presence of \_\_\_\_\_.
Uncontrolled airspace
137
What is the formula for True Heading?
TC +/- WCA = TH True Course +/- Wind Correction Angle = True Heading
138
What is the source of external atmospheric pressure on an airplane?
Static air vents Used for all 3 instruments
139
How often are IFR high-enroute charts published?
Every 56 days
140
See image
Hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069ft
141
On a low-enroute chart, how can you tell an NDB from a Compass Locator?
3 Letter Identifier = NDB
2 Letter Identifier = CL (compass locator)
142
What is the main difference regarding the airports in which IFR low vs. high altitude charts depict?
Low altitude charts depict hard surfaced runways of 3,000ft or more while high altitude charts depict hard surfaced runways of 5,000ft or more.
143
What are the 3 primary components of an ILS?
Localizer Glide Slope Marker Beacons
144
In most small aircraft, if the vacuum pump fails, which two instruments become inoperative?
Heading and attitude indicator
145
What 3 instruments make up the pitot-static system?
Altimeter Vertical Speed Indicator Airspeed Indicator
146
What term denotes a magnetic compass error that is caused by materials within the aircraft which possess magnetic properties?
Deviation
147
Which line connects points of equal difference between true and magnetic north?
The Agonic line
148
Navigation by reference to visible landmarks is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pilotage
149
A Standard instrument approach procedure is designed to provide \_\_\_\_\_.
IFR descent to a point where a safe landing can be made
150
What are the formulas to put on the scratch paper?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | D | |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_| | S | T | |\_\_\_\_|\_\_\_ | 1 SM = 0.87 NM 1 NM = 1.15 SM TC +/- WCA = TH +/- VAR = MH +/- DEV = CH
151
For west variation, \_\_\_(add/subtract)\_\_\_ degrees of variation
Add
152
How often are low and high IFR enroute charts updated?
Every 56 days
153
How far do high VORTACs extend out?
Below 14,500: 40 miles 14,500-17,999: 100 miles 18,000-FL450: 130 miles FL450 and up: 100 miles
154
What is the compass heading formula?
MH +/- DEV = CH Magnetic Heading +/- Deviation = Compass Heading
155
How is a FAF depicted on a precision approach?
Lightening Bolt
156
Which symbols for terrain and contour information depict: -Spot Elevation -Approximate Elevation
Spot: Dot Approximate: X
157
What is the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound?
Mach Number
158
This self-contained system is comprised of gyros, accelerometers and a navigation computer and provides position and navigation info in response to signals from aircraft motion
Inertial Navigation System (INS)
159
On VFR charts, highest terrain elevation is depicted along with its
Latitude and Longitude
160
As Temperature increases, speed \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Decreases Temperature |^| Speed |v|
161
What are the 3 supplementary components on an ILS?
Approach Lights Compass Locator DME
162
In the airport data "450 L 51 122.7" what does the L stand for?
The airport has runway lighting
