Block 3 high yield Flashcards
1
Q
Fibrinoid necrosis
Type ? hypersensitivity
A
Type 3
2
Q
granuloma with central necrosis
A
caseating
ie. TB
3
Q
HER-2/NEU overexpression
A
breast cancer
4
Q
KRAS mutation
A
colorectal cancer
5
Q
N-MYC gene amplification
A
neuroblastoma
6
Q
t(8;14)
A
Burkitt Lymphoma
7
Q
t(9;22)
A
CML
8
Q
BCR-ABL
A
CML
9
Q
“Two hit” hypothesis
A
lose BOTH tumor suppressor genes
10
Q
Rb mutation
13q14
A
retinoblastoma
11
Q
APC tumor supressor gene
A
colorectal carcinoma
12
Q
BCRA1/BCRA2
A
breast
ovary
prostate
cancers
13
Q
molecular “policeman”
A
p53
14
Q
high glucose use by cancer cells
A
Warburg Effect
15
Q
t(14;18)
overexpressed BCL-2
A
B-cell lymphoma
16
Q
immortality of cancer cells – evasion of mitotic crisis
A
maintenance of telomeres
17
Q
Th1’s polarized by:
A
IL-12
IL-18
INF-y
18
Q
Th1’s secrete:
A
INF-y
TNF
19
Q
Th17’s polarized by:
A
TGF-B
IL-1
IL-6
IL-23
20
Q
Th17’s secrete:
A
IL-17
IL-22
21
Q
Th2’s polarized by:
A
IL-4
22
Q
Th2’s secrete:
A
IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
23
Q
Tfh’s polarized by:
A
IL-6
IL-21
24
Q
Thf’s secrete:
A
IL-4
IL-21
25
Treg's polarized by:
IL-2
TGF-B
26
Treg's secrete:
IL-10
TGF-B
27
No Treg's?
IPEX
out of control T-cells
28
T-bet
Th1
29
GATA3
Th2
30
RORyt
Th17
31
Bcl-6
Tfh
32
FOXP3
Treg
33
Always high MHC II
Always high CD80/86 (B7)
dendrites
34
need activation to express:
MHC II
costim molecules
macrophages
35
always express MHC II
need activation to express co-stim molecules
B cells
36
LFA-1 (leukocyte functional antigen) binds:
ICAM-1
37
CD2 binds:
LFA-3 (on APC)
38
TCR chain needing V, J
alpha
39
TCR chain needing V, D, J
beta
40
HLA-A, B, C
MHC I
41
HLA-B27
ankylosing spondylitis
42
HLA-DR2
MS
hay fever
narcolepsy
SLE
43
HLA-A3/B14
hemochromatosis
44
HLA-DQ2/GQ8
Celiac disease
45
HLA-DR3
DM I
Grave's Disease
46
HLA-DR4
RA
DM I
47
HLA-B53
protection against childhood malaria
48
Malignancy of hematopoietic cells, starts in bone marrow:
leukemia
49
Malignancy of hematopoietic cells, starts in lymph nodes:
lymphoma
50
Leukemia occurring only in adults
Chronic
51
% blast cell requirement for dx of AML?
20%
52
M0-M3
neutrophil series
53
M4-5
monocytic series
54
M6
erythroid series
55
M7
megakaryocytic series
56
LOTS of myeloblasts
MPO negative
AML-M0
57
LOTS of myeloblasts
AUER rods
MPO positive
no maturation
AML-M1
58
kind of a lot of myeloblasts
maturing neuts
t(8;21) = better prognosis
AML-M2
59
LOTS of promyelocytes
TONS of AUER rodes (FAGGOT cells)
t(15;17) in all cases
DIC
AML-M3
60
lots of myeloblasts
lots of monocytic cells
Extramedullary tumor masses
inv(16) = better prog
AML-M4
61
increased monocytic cells
NSE positive
extramedullary tumor masses
AML-M5
62
inc erythroblasts
increased myeloblasts
dyserythropoesis
AML-M6
63
inc megakaryoblasts
bland blasts
MPO negative
need markers
AML-M7
64
t(8;21)
M2, good prog
65
inv(16)
M4, good prog
66
t(15;17)
M3, good prog
67
11q23
monocytic, bad prog
68
FLT-3
tyrosine kinase
monocytic
poor prog
69
severe pancytopenia
chromosome 5,7 abnormalities
AML with multilineage dysplasia
70
Atra
pre-chemo for t(15;17)
71
teenage male with mediastinal mass
ALL
T-Lymphoblastic
72
TdT+
B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
73
worse prog for ALL
T-cell
74
good prog age for ALL
1-10
75
good WBC count for ALL
76
good cytogenetics for ALL
hyperdiploidy
77
Malaria deaths in a year world wide?
655,000
78
Most common Plasmodium species?
vivax
falciparum
79
Life stage of plasmodium that infects hepatocyte:
Sporozoite
80
Life stage of Plasmodium infects RBC?
merozoite
81
life cycle of Plasmodium in RBC:
merozoite --> trophozoite --> schizont --> merozite
82
most deadly Plasmodium
falciparum
83
hepatic relapse species of Plasmodium:
vivax
ovale
84
banana gametocytes
P. falciparum
85
rosette merozoites
P. malariae
86
BIG red cells
Schuffner's dots
P. ovale and vivax
87
forms RBC rosettes
P. falciparum
88
knobbs on RBC surface
bind to endothelial cells
PFEMP
89
Quotidian
P. falciparum
90
Tertian
P. vivax or ovale
91
Quartan
P. malariae
92
gold standard dx for malaria
blood smear
93
TONS of rings in RBC
P. falciparum
94
Tx for latent malaria infx:
Primaquine
95
Prevents FPIX --> hemozoin
keeps cell toxic for plasmodium killing
Chloroquine
96
Malaria drug
eye damage, blindness
chloroquine
97
used in chloroquine resistant P. falciparum
Quinine
Quinidine
98
Cardiac probs
Quinidine
99
Neuropsychiatric reactions
Mefloquine
100
Inhibits parasite e transport
Atovaquone
101
Inhibits parasite DHFR
proguanil
102
Produces free radicals to damage parasite proteins
Artemisinins
103
Long 1/2 life
use with artemether
Lumefantrine
