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HYMS Y1 > Block 3 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Block 3 Pharmacology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Chlorpromazine - class

A

Dopamine receptor antagonist - phenothiazine based antipsychotic.

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2
Q

Chlorpromazine - MoA

A

Competitively binds D2 receptors in CTZ (5-HT, H and M), reduces activity of vomiting centre.

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3
Q

Chlorpromazine - uses

A

Nausea and vomiting.

Prochlorperazine used now.

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4
Q

Perphenazine - class

A

Dopamine receptor antagonist - antipsychotic phenothiazine

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5
Q

Perphenazine - MoA

A

Binds D1 and D2 receptors to inhibits their activity in CTZ and vomiting centre.

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6
Q

Perphenazine - uses

A

Severe nausea and vomiting.

15x more potent than chlorpromazine.

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7
Q

Metoclopramide - class

A

Dopamine receptor antagonist - benzoic acid derivative

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8
Q

Metoclopramide - MoA

A

Inhibits gastric smooth muscle relaxation produced by dopamine. Raises threshold in CTZ. Increases resting pressure of lower oesophageal sphincter so decreases reflux. Increases motility of stomach, oesophagus and intestines.

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9
Q

Metoclopramide - uses

A

GERD, nausea and vomiting.

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10
Q

Domperidone - class

A

Dopamine receptor antagonist - benzimidazole

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11
Q

Domperidone - MoA

A

Blocks dopamine receptos in CTZ, speeds up gastric peristalsis.

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12
Q

Domperidone - uses

A

Nausea and vomiting.

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13
Q

Aspirin - class

A

NSAID

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14
Q

Aspirin - MoA

A

Irreversibly binds COX and inhibits activity -> reduces prostaglandin production.
Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory.

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15
Q

Aspirin - uses

A

Aches and pains.

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16
Q

Ibuprofen - class

A

NSAID

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17
Q

Ibuprofen - MoA

A

Irreversibly binds COX2 receptors -> reduces prostaglandin production.

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18
Q

Ibuprofen - uses

A

Aches and pains.

Side effects - GI bleed as reduced prostaglandins.

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19
Q

Naproxen - class

A

NSAID

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20
Q

Naproxen - MoA

A

Irreversibly binds COX receptors -> reduces prostaglandin production.

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21
Q

Naproxen - uses

A

RA, osteoarthritis, tendinitis.

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22
Q

Omeprazole - class

A

Proton-pump inhibitor

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23
Q

Omeprazole - MoA

A

Irreversibly binds H+/K+-ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cell and blocks the release of H+ into gastric lumen.
72 hours with max effects at 2 hours.

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24
Q

Omeprazole - uses

A

Duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn

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25
Esomeprazole - class
PPI | S isomer of omeprazole
26
Esomeprazole - MoA
Inhibits H+/K+-ATPase enzyme -> reduces gastric acid secretion.
27
Esomeprazole - uses
Peptic ulcers, GERD, heals erosive oesophagitis and eradication of H. pylori.
28
Cyclizine - class
Histamine receptor antagonist - piperazine derivative antihistamine.
29
Cyclizine - MoA
Blocks histamine receptors in CTZ, prevents overstimulation of histamine synapses in vomiting centre and reduces motion sickness.
30
Cyclizine - uses
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness and vertigo.
31
Cinnarizine - class
Histamine receptor antagonist and calcium channel blocker.
32
Cinnarizine - MoA
Competitive inhibitor of H1 receptors. | Blocks L-type and T-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels -> inhibits vascular smooth muscle contraction.
33
Cinnarizine - uses
Vertigo, motion sickness, nausea and vomiting.
34
Promethazine - class
Histamine receptor antagonist
35
Promethazine - MoA
Competitive antagonist of H1 receptors. | Central anticholinergic, sedative and local anaesthetic effects.
36
Promethazine - uses
Nausea, vomiting and allergic disorders
37
Ranitidine - class
Histamine receptor antagonist
38
Ranitidine - MoA
Competitive inhibitor of histamine at parietal cell H2 receptors. Suppresses normal secretion of gastric acid. Inverse agonist as reduces effects of gastrin.
39
Ranitidine - uses
Peptic ulcers, dyspepsia and reflux oesophagitis.
40
Amoxicillin - class
Beta-lactam antibiotic
41
Amoxicillin - MoA
Binds and inactivates penicillin-binding protein 1A in bacterial cell wall -> inhibits cell wall synthesis -> cell lysis.
42
Amoxicillin - uses
Gram + and - bacteria in ear, nose, throat and skin. H. pylori. Used with clavulanic acid -> beta-lactamase inhibitor (prevents resistance).
43
Clarithromycin - class
Macrolide antibiotic
44
Clarithromycin - MoA
Binds 50S subunits of bacterial ribosome - blocks translocation of aminoacyl tTNA and polypeptide synthesis -> prevents growth of bacteria.
45
Clarithromycin - uses
Tonsilitis, acute maxillary sinusitis. | H. pylori
46
Hyoscine - class
Cholinergic receptor antagonist
47
Hyoscine - MoA
Competitive inhibitor of muscarinic cholinergic receptor. Stops nerve impulses between CTZ and vestibular system and PNS.
48
Hyoscine - uses
Colicky abdo pain, excessive salivation, IBS and motion sickness.
49
Magnesium trisilicate - class
Antacids
50
Magnesium trisilicate - MoA
Directly neutralises stomach acid, inhibits peptic enzymes. | Aluminium hydroxide delivers growth factors to injured mucosa, antacids promotes angiogenesis of injured mucosa.
51
Magnesium trisilicate - uses
Dyspepsia and oesophageal reflux.
52
Metronidazole - class
Nitroimidazole antibacterial and antiprotozoal. | DNA synthesis inhibitor.
53
Metronidazole - MoA
Binds to bacterial DNA and disrupts the helical structure and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis -> cell death.
54
Metronidazole - uses
Anaerobic and mixed infections. H. pylori, Crohn's, diarrhoea.
55
Misoprostol - class
Prostaglandin agonist
56
Misoprostol - MoA
Binds prostaglandin receptor on parietal cells and reduces gastric acid secretion via reducing cAMP through Gi. Increases bicarbonate production and increases thickness of mucus layer.
57
Misoprostol - uses
Ulcerations induced by NSAIDs
58
Ondansetron - class
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
59
Ondansetron - MoA
Inhibits 5-HT3 receptors to prevent stimulation of vomiting centre via CTZ and vagus nerve.
60
Ondansetron - uses
Nausea, vomiting associated with chemotherapy and radiation.
61
Atorvastatin - class
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
62
Atorvastatin - MoA
Competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase -> decreases plasma LDL levels due to increased hepatic uptake of LDL and inhibiting cholesterol synthesis.
63
Atorvastatin - uses
Prevention of arterial diseases.
64
Bezafibrate - class
Antilipemic agent - benzene derivative
65
Bezafibrate - MoA
Increased transcription of apoA1 and 5 -> increased hepatic LDL uptake. Activates triglyceride lipase and reduces cholesterol synthesis.
66
Bezafibrate - uses
Primary hyperlipidaemia.
67
Orlistat - class
Lipase inhibitor
68
Orlistat - MoA
Reversibly binds and blocks pancreatic and gastric lipase -> reduces breakdown of TAG -> undigested TAG excreted.
69
Orlistat - uses
Obesity. | Used with fat-soluble vitamins.
70
Thalidomide - class
Hypnotic, antiemetic.
71
Thalidomide - MoA
Immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. Inhibits release of TNFalpha from monocytes and modulates cytokine action. Teratogenic activity.
72
Thalidomide - uses
Morning sickness (caused embryological deformities), multiple myeloma and leprosy.

HYMS Y1 (25 decks)

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