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HYMS Y1 > Block 5 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Block 5 Pharmacology Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Alendronic acid - class?

A

Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate

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2
Q

Alendronic acid - MoA?

A

Inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase.

Inhibits osteoclastic activity so reduced bone resorption.

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3
Q

Alendronic acid - uses?

A

Osteoporosis

Paget’s disease

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4
Q

Calciferol - class?

A

Vitamin D agonist

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5
Q

Calciferol - MoA?

A

Increases mobilisation of Ca2+ in bones.

Prevents maturation of osteoclasts.

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6
Q

Calciferol - uses?

A

Vitamin D deficiency

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7
Q

Calcitonin - class?

A

Thyroid hormone

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8
Q

Calcitonin - target?

A

Calcitonin receptor (GPCR) on osteoclasts

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9
Q

Calcitonin - MoA?

A

Enhances production of vitamin D producing enzymes.
Improves Ca2+ retention.
Increases bone density.

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10
Q

Calcitonin - uses?

A

Post-menopausal osteoporosis

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11
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy - class?

A

Sex hormones

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12
Q

HRT - target?

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

HRT - MoA?

A

Stimulates osteoblastic activity -> more bone deposition.

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14
Q

Raloxifene - class?

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

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15
Q

Raloxifene - target?

A

Oestrogen receptors

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16
Q

Raloxifene - MoA?

A

Reduces bone resorption
Increases bone density
Inhibits proliferation of preosteoclastic cells

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17
Q

Codeine - class?

A

Opioid receptor agonist

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18
Q

Codeine - target?

A

Mu opioid receptors

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19
Q

Codeine - MoA?

A

Decrease intracellular cAMP -> inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitters.
Close N-type Ca2+ channels and open Ca2+ dependent K+ channels -> hyper-repolarisation.

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20
Q

Codeine - uses?

A

Analgesic

Cough suppressant

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21
Q

Pethidine - class

A

Opioid receptor agonist (kappa receptors)

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22
Q

Pethidine - MoA

A

Decrease intracellular cAMP -> inhibition of nociceptive NTs.
Hyper-repolarisation.

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23
Q

Pethidine - uses

A

Severe pain management

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24
Q

Lidocaine - class

A

Na+ channel blocker - local anaethetic

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25
Lidocaine - MoA
Block voltage-gated Na+ channels so prevents initiation and transmission of APs. Blocks the channels during phase 0 of cardiac AP.
26
Lidocaine - uses
Local anaethetic Peripheral nerve block Ventricular tachyarrthymias
27
Tramadol - class
Opioid receptor agonist (O-desmethyl M1)
28
Tramadol - MoA
Decrease intracellular cAMP -> inhibits nociceptive NTs. | Hyper-repolarisation
29
Tramadol - uses
Post-operative pain
30
Dobutamine - class
Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B1)
31
Dobutamine - MoA
Binds B1 in heart -> increases contractility, stroke volume and cardiac output.
32
Isoprenaline - class
Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B1 and B2)
33
Isoprenaline - MoA
Increases intracellular cAMP -> relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilator).
34
Isoprenaline - uses
Mild asthma COPD Heart block
35
Salbutamol - class
Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B2)
36
Salbutamol - MoA
Binds B2 in lungs -> smooth muscle relaxation (increased cAMP) and inhibits mediators of mast cells. Bronchodilator
37
Salbutamol - uses
Bronchospasm relief e.g. asthma, COPD
38
Salmeterol - class
Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B2)
39
Salmeterol - MoA
Lung smooth muscle relaxation -> bronchodilator. | Longer lasting than salbutamol.
40
Noradrenaline - class
Alpha adrenoceptor agonist
41
Noradrenaline - MoA
Peripheral vasoconstriction and inotropic stimulator
42
Noradrenaline - uses
Vasodilatory shock treatment
43
Phenoxybenzamine - class
Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist
44
Phenoxybenzamine - MoA
Blocks alpha receptors -> muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Lowers BP
45
Phenoxybenzamine - uses
Pheochromocytoma | Hypertension
46
Prazosin - class
Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist (A1)
47
Prazosin - MoA
Inhibits vasoconstrictor effects -> lowers BP.
48
Prazosin - uses
Hypertension | Severe congestive heart failure
49
Muscarine - class
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist
50
Muscarinic - MoA
Mimics ACh
51
Pilocarpine - class
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist
52
Pilocarpine - MoA
Contraction of ciliary muscles
53
Pilocarpine - uses
Glaucoma
54
Atracurium - class
Nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist
55
Atracurium - MoA
Competitively binds nicotinic receptors on motor end plates -> muscle relaxant.
56
Botulinum A toxin - class
ACh release inhibitor
57
Botulinum A toxin - MoA
Inhibits release of ACh from presynaptic terminal. | Causes parasympathetic paralysis.
58
Botulinum A toxin - uses
Cervical dystonia | Prevent hypersalivation and spasticity
59
Cocaine - class
Na+ channel blocker / NA reuptake inhibitor
60
Cocaine - MoA
Inhibits excitation of nerve endings and blocks conduction in peripheral nerves. Inactivates Na+ channels -> local anaesthesia. Vasoconstrictor.
61
Cocaine - uses
Local anaesthesia to nasal, oral and laryngeal cavities.
62
Dexamphetamine - class
NA releaser
63
Dexamphetamine - MoA
Stimulates release of NA
64
Dexamphetamine - uses
ADHD | Narcolepsy
65
Dopamine - class
Neurotransmitter
66
Dopamine - MoA
Produces coordinated movement. | Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects.
67
Dopamine - uses
Parkinson’s
68
Fluoxetine - class
SSRI
69
Fluoxetine - MoA
Blocks uptake transporters of serotonin so more available.
70
Fluoxetine - uses
Major depressive disorder | Anxiety
71
Hemicholinium - class
Choline reuptake inhibitor
72
Hemicholinium - MoA
Blocks transport of choline back into nerve terminal -> no ACh made.
73
Imipramine - class
Tricyclic antidepressant
74
Imipramine - MoA
Prevents reuptake of serotonin and NA
75
Imipramine - uses
Depression | ADHD
76
L-DOPA - class
Dopamine precursor
77
L-DOPA - MoA
Increases dopamine in substantia nigra
78
L-DOPA - uses
Parkinson’s
79
Nicotine - class
Nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist
80
Nicotine - MoA
Stimulant of limbic system, releases dopamine and indirect release of adrenaline. Raises BP and HR.
81
Nicotine - uses
Aids smoking cessation
82
Phenelzine - class
MAO inhibitor
83
Phenelzine - MoA
Irreversible non-selective inhibitor of MAO
84
Phenelzine - uses
Depression
85
Pralidoxime - class
Cholinesterase reactivator
86
Pralidoxime - MoA
Cleaves phosphate-ester bond between AChE and toxin.
87
Pralidoxime - uses
Sarin poisoning
88
Sarin - class
Anticholinesterase
89
Sarin - MoA
Irreversibly binds to AChE on active site.
90
Sarin - uses
Chemical weapon
91
Tropicamide - class
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
92
Tropicamide - MoA
Blocks muscarinic receptors (M4) in eye -> pupil dilation and relaxation of lens.
93
Tropicamide - uses
Diagnostic optician procedures

HYMS Y1 (25 decks)

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