Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pharmacology bm213 > block b lecture 3 > Flashcards

block b lecture 3 Flashcards

exercise physiology and pharmacology

1
Q

how to calculate flow

A

=change in pressure/resistance
=(Palveoli-Patmosphere)/R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is partial pressure

A

pressure of a gas in a mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does 5 litres of blood contain

A

15mL physically dissolved O2
remainder (985 mL O2) bound to haemoglobin
4 x subunits =4 x globin haeme (Fe 2 binds O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what occurs when taking an in breath

A

diaphragm contracts
external intercostal muscles pull up ribs an dout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what occurs when taking an out breath

A

diaphragm relaxes and abdominal organs press upwards
lung elasticity recoils inwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what occurs when taking maximum inspiration

A

sternum moves up and out
diaphragm contracts more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what occurs when taking maximum expiration

A

internal intercostal muscles pull ribs down and out
abdominal muscles compress organs and force diaphragm higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 chemical inputs that stimulate ventilation

A

decrease arterial PO2
increase production of non-CO2 acids
increase arterial PCO1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 chemical inputs that stimulate ventilation

A

decrease arterial PO2
increase production of non-CO2 acids
increase arterial PCO1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are bronchi – bronchioles both surrounded by

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are alveolar sacs surrounded by

A

pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is O2 in/CO2 out in alveoli driven by

A

pressure differences caused by breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is breathing controlled and modulated by

A

motor neurons from medulla
modulated by chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does haemoglobin Fe3 bind and where does it release at

A

98.5% of arterial O2
released at tissues (lower PO2), helps transport CO2 out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

example of b agonists (adrenoceptors)

A

pulmonary smooth muscle relaxation
salbutamol (asthma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

example of a agonists (adrenoceptors)

A

vascular smooth muscle contraction
phenylephrine, pseudoephrine
(decongestants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is beclomethasone (asthma inhaler)

A

glucocorticoid receptor agonist that inhibits pulmonary inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does supplementary O2 increase

A

increases driving force for O2 uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what occurs during CO poisoning

A

haemoglobin binds CO more readily than O2 and loses cooperativity when it does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is skeletal muscle controlled by

A

somatic motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is skeletal muscle controlled by

A

somatic motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle fibres

A

myosin
actin
troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

1 cell= 1 skeletal muscle fibre, how many nuclei and myofibrils each

A

multiple nuclei
hundreds of myofibrils each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the thick contractile filaments

A

myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the thin contractile filaments
actin troponin
26
what do transverse-/T tubules extend
extend plasmalemma deep into cell
27
what is the Ca2 store in skeletal muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
28
in neuromuscular junction afferent what innervation from brainstem/spinal cord
cholinergic
29
what released binds nicotinic ACh-receptors
ACh
30
what occurs after Na influx from binding of nicotinic ACh receptors
Na influx end plate potential action potential propagates
31
what binding drives contraction
myosin bind actin
32
where does action potential propagate into
T-tubules
33
voltage sensor activates what receptor on SR
ryanodine
34
what does Ca2 bind
troponin
35
what energises myosin
ATP hydrolysis
36
what does the cycle of ATP binding, hydrolysis, ADP/Pi release drive
drives myosin like a ratchet
37
the fibres ATP supplies are all consumed within a few seconds, resupply via
phosphorylation of ADP by phosphocreatine mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis
38
what are the 3 skeletal muscle ATP supplies
phosphocreatine mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis
39
name of the fibres that contain lots of mitochondria many small blood vessels
red, oxidative fibres
40
name of the fibres what have few mitochondria lots of glycolytic enzymes large glycogen stores
white, glycolytic fibres
41
name of the fibres that contain slower acting myosin ATPase
slow twitch fibres
42
name of the fibres that contain very fast acting myosin ATPase
fast twitch fibres
43
what type are slow oxidative fibres
type I
44
what type are fast oxidative glycolytic fibres
type IIa
45
what type are fast glycolytic fibres
type IIb/x
46
what is whole muscle tension
sum of recruitment of motor units
47
what are whole skeletal muscles made up of
many motor units, never just one type
48
what generates muscle action potential
motor nerves Ca 2 rises allows myosin actin cross bridge cycling to contract muscle
49
what does skeletal muscle use lots of and how
ATP cycling Ca, Na, K pumping
50
how is ATP restored in skeletal muscle
phosphocreatine glycolysis mitochindria
51
what are the 3 fibre types
-I slow oxidative -IIa fast-oxidative-glycolytic -IIb/x fast-glycolytic
52
what are NMJ blockers
cause paralysis some used alongside anesthetics during surgery
53
how do depolarising NMJ blockers work, and example
ACh mimic but much slower hydrolysis, cause sustained contraction= paralysis suxamethonium
54
how do non depolarising NMJ work and example
competitive inhibitors of nAChR that block ACh binding and EPP formation atracurium tubocurarine
55
what does dantrolene inhibit
ryanodine receptor Ca2 release, sometimes used to treat muscle spasticity or malignant hyperthermia
56
how is thermo regulation carried out
increasing peripheral blood flow sweating
57
what does low intensity; aerobic increase
mitochondria capillaries
58
what occurs to skeletal muscle fibres in endurance training
fast glycolytic fibres become fast oxidatice glycolytic fibres (IIb-IIa)
59
what occurs in high intensity strength training
increased diameter of fast twitch fibres increased expression of glycolytic enzymes greater synchronisation of motor unit recruitment
60
how does contracting skeletal muscles lead to increase in local blood flow in muscle
contracting skeletal muscles local chemical changes dilates muscle arterioles increase local blood flow in muscle
61
does blood O2 increase or decrease during exercise
decrease
62
what is the limiting factor in oxygen consumption
cardiac output
63
what is VO2 max
maximal O2 consumption increases in proportion to exercise intensity, up to a point
64
how to calculate VO2 max
(aterial O2 content - venous O2 content) x CO

pharmacology bm213 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions