block d lecture 1

Question 1

what do astrocytes connect with

Answer 1

neurons and blood vessels
BBB

Question 2

what wraps around axon

Answer 2

myelin sheath

Question 3

what do myelin sheaths do

Answer 3

increase speed of action potential conduction

Question 4

as found in a recent development what forms during learning of a new motor skill

Answer 4

oligodendrocyte

Question 5

3 major subdivisions of the brain

Answer 5

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 6

3 major subdivisions of the brain

Answer 6

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 7

what makes up the outer forebrain

Answer 7

cerebrum
corpus striatum
hippocampus

Question 8

what makes up inner forebrain

Answer 8

thalamus
hypothalamus

Question 9

what makes up midbrain

Answer 9

substantia nigra

Question 10

what makes up hindbrain

Answer 10

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
reticular formation

Question 10

what makes up hindbrain

Answer 10

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
reticular formation

Question 11

what does the outer forebrain comprise of

Answer 11

nerve cells
grey matter

Question 12

what are the 4 lobes on the outer forebrain

Answer 12

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

Question 13

what is the surface area of the brain increased by

Answer 13

ridges (gyri) and grooves (fissures and sulci)

Question 14

name of the 2 sulci on outer forebrain

Answer 14

central sulcus
lateral sulcus

Question 15

what is the outer forebrain concerned with

Answer 15

sensory and motor functions

Question 16

what coordinates body movements

Answer 16

corpus straitum

Question 17

2 things that the corpus straitum is part of

Answer 17

outer forebrain
basal ganglia

Question 18

2 things that the hippocampus is part of

Answer 18

outer forebrain
limbic system

Question 19

what part of the brain is involved in memory

Answer 19

hippocampus

Question 20

what does the limbic system coordinate

Answer 20

emotion

Question 21

what is the thalamus responsible for

Answer 21

relay centre
recieves sensory input - cerebrum
relays cerebrum moter output to other areas

Question 22

what does the hypothalamus regulate

Answer 22

autonomic endocrine systems
essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temp, metabolic rate

Question 23

what does the hypothalamus regulate

Answer 23

autonomic endocrine systems
essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temp, metabolic rate

Question 24

2 things that substantia nigra is part of

Answer 24

basal ganglia midbrain

Question 25

what does the cerebellum control

Answer 25

fine, coordinated body movements

Question 26

what does brain stem reticular formation modulate

Answer 26

wakefullness/sleep

Question 27

what is pons/brain stem coordinate

Answer 27

visceral reflexes (breathing, digestion, HR)

Question 28

ventral root

Answer 28

motor/efferent nerves leaving cord and innervate effectors

Question 29

dorsal root

Answer 29

sensory/afferent nerves entering body

Question 30

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 30

sensory nerve cell bodies

Question 31

what is the spinal cord surrounded by

Answer 31

ascending and descending nerve tracts

Question 32

what is in the centre of the spinal cord

Answer 32

neuronal cell bodies

Question 32

what is in the centre of the spinal cord

Answer 32

neuronal cell bodies

Question 33

3 things that make up blood brain barrier

Answer 33

plasma interstitial fluid cerebrospinal fluid

Question 34

4 things the liquid of the BBB does

Answer 34

-supplies metabolites -physically protects the brain -provides appropriate chemical environment for neuronal function -removes waste

Question 35

what does the BBB rely on

Answer 35

blood glucose and O2 no glycogen stores

Question 36

structural specialisations that help the BBB separate CNS from blood

Answer 36

tight junctions between endothelial cells astrocytes as second barrier

Question 37

what is allowed to pass from blood to CNS

Answer 37

-small non ionised, lipid soluble compounds eg O2, CO2. hormones -substrates for specific transporters eg glucose, ess aa, ions

Question 38

what is not allowed to pass from blood to CNS

Answer 38

proteins, substances bound to plasma proteins, toxins, pathogens, most drugs

Question 39

what occurs to BBB and CNS when injury or inflammation occurs eg meningitis

Answer 39

BBB breakdown CNS exposed to harmful substances

Question 40

what occurs to BBB and CNS when injury or inflammation occurs eg meningitis

Answer 40

BBB breakdown CNS exposed to harmful substances

Question 41

what fills ventricular spaces in brain

Answer 41

CSF

Question 42

what is also filled with CSF in brain

Answer 42

2x lateral 3rd 4th spinal cord

Question 43

2 things that CSF does to help the brain

Answer 43

-cushions brain and spinal cord from physical forces -aids removal of waste to venous system

Question 44

how does CSF exit

Answer 44

via one way valves to veins

Question 45

what produces CSF

Answer 45

choroid plexus

Question 46

what type of cells line ventricles

Answer 46

ependymal cells

Question 47

2 things the choroid plexus is composed of

Answer 47

ependymal cells capillary bed

Question 48

how is water driven into ventricle

Answer 48

ependymal cells actively secrete Na into ventricle and Cl follows