Blood

Question 1

Hematology

Answer 1

the study of blood, blood forming tissues, and associated disorders.

Question 2

Blood is a connective tissue composed of

Answer 2

*plasma - liquid extracellular matrix of blood

*formed elements - cells and cell fragments found
suspended in plasma

Question 3

What are the 7 major functions of blood

Answer 3

1) Exchanging gases — oxygen and carbon dioxide
2) Distributing solutes—ions, nutrients, hormones, and wastes,
and regulation of ion concentrations in tissues
3) Performing immune functions—leukocytes and immune
system proteins
4) Maintaining body temperature—blood carries away heat
5) Functioning in blood-clotting—platelets and clotting proteins
form blood clot
6) Preserving acid-base homeostasis
7) Stabilizing blood pressure: blood volume

Question 4

What are the 5 characteristics of the blood

Answer 4

1) Denser and more viscous than water
2) Temperature of 37 °C
3) pH that normally ranges between 7.35 and 7.45
4) Oxygenated blood is bright red; deoxygenated blood is dark red
5) 8% of total body weight - Average volume of 5 to 6 liters in adult males and 4 to 5 liters in adult females

Question 5

What are the blood components

Answer 5

1) straw-colored liquid
2) accounts for about 55% of the volume of
blood
3) consists of about 90% water and 9% solutes

Question 6

What are the components of the solutes that the blood has

Answer 6

1) The solutes include plasma proteins -
albumins(osmotic pressure), globulins (such as immunoglobulins
or antibodies/immune proteins), and fibrinogen(clotting proteins)
2) Also waste molecules, nutrient molecules,
enzymes, hormones, gases, and electrolytes

Question 7

In a blood sample, what is the order of the components

Answer 7

1st plasma 55%
2nd buffy coat 1%= Platelets and Leukocytes
3rd Erythrocytes (hematocrit) 44%= erythrocytes

Question 8

What are the components of plasma

Answer 8

1) water
2) plasma proteins
3) albumin
4) immune proteins
5) transport proteins
6) clotting proteins
7) other solutes
8) glucose, amino acids
9) ions
10) dissolved gasses
11) wastes

Question 9

what is the function of water in plasma

Answer 9

90% of plasma volume.

It is a solvent that dissolves and transports many solutes trough the body

Question 10

What is the function of albumin in plasma

Answer 10

Maintains osmotic pressure

Question 11

What is the function of immune proteins in plasma

Answer 11

Produced by leukocytes, function in immunity

Question 12

What is the function of transport proteins

Answer 12

Bind and transport hydrophobic compounds through the blood

Question 13

What is the function of clotting proteins in plasma

Answer 13

Stop blood loss from damaged vessels

Question 14

What is the function of glucose, amino acids in plasma

Answer 14

Nutrition, used for proteins synthesis

Question 15

What is the function of ions in plasma

Answer 15

Electrocyte and acid-base homeostasis

Question 16

What is the function of dissolved gases in plasma

Answer 16

Oxygen delivered to tissues, carbon dioxide delivered to lungs to be exhale

Question 17

What is the function of waste in plasma

Answer 17

Delivered to the appropriate organ for excretion

Question 18

What are the 3 formed elements

Answer 18

a) erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs)

b) leukocytes or white blood cells
(WBCs): 1) granular leukocytes 2) agranular leukocytes

c)platelets (thrombocytes)
smallest blood cells; lack a nucleus

Question 19

Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs)

Answer 19

1) lack a nucleus and other
organelles
2) cytosol - 280 million dissolved
hemoglobin molecules.
3) Hemoglobin= permits erythrocytes to transport oxygen
from the lungs to other tissues of the
body.
4) Erythrocytes live 100-120 days due to
absence of organelles

Question 20

leukocytes or white blood cells

Answer 20

Leukocytes (white blood cells or WBCs) have a nucleus and do not contain hemoglobin.
-The life span - several hours to many years
-The average number of WBCs: 5000 to 10,000/ul
Functions: combat microbes and toxins by phagocytosis or immune responses

Question 21

What are the two types of leukocytes

Answer 21

1) Granulocytes= Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

2) Agranulocytes= Lymphocyte, Monocyte

Question 22

Platelets or Thrombocytes

Answer 22

1) Smallest of formed elements
2) Involved in hemostasis - stop blood
loss
3) Contain clotting factors, enzymes
4) Platelets help repair slightly damaged
blood vessels by
a) Forming a platelet plug and promoting the formation of a blood
clot.
b) A life span from 5 to 9 days