The heart

Question 1

The heart

Answer 1

Beats about 100,000 times a day or 35 million
times a year
Pumps around 5 litres of blood per minute

Question 2

Where is the heart located

Answer 2

between the lungs in the mediastinum in a pericardial sac

Question 3

What are the 2 main layers of the pericardium

Answer 3

1) fibrous pericardium

2) serous pericardium

Question 4

What does the fibrous pericardium provides

Answer 4

a) prevents overstretching of the heart,
b) provides protection,
c) and anchors the heart in the mediastinum.

Question 5

What does the serous pericardium do and what are the 2 sublayers

Answer 5

b) parietal layer - fused to the fibrous pericardium
a) visceral layer = epicardium
- pericardial fluid
- reduces friction between the layers as the heart
moves.

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 6

1) epicardium - mesothelium and
connective tissue
2) myocardium - cardiac muscle
tissue
3) endocardium - connective tissue
and endothelium
- Continuous with the endothelium of
the blood vessels.

Question 7

What are the superior chambers

Answer 7

1) the right and left atria

2) auricles

Question 8

What are the inferior chambers

Answer 8

The right and left ventricles

Question 9

What does the pulmonary pump, the right atrium and right

ventricle do

Answer 9

pumps deoxygenated blood toward the lungs

Question 10

What does the systemic pump, the left atrium and left ventricle
do

Answer 10

pumps oxygenated blood toward the rest of the body

Question 11

What are the 3 major grooves of the surface of the heart

Answer 11

1. coronary sulcus
2. anterior interventricular
   sulcus
3. posterior interventricular
   sulcus

Question 12

What does the 4 heart valves do

Answer 12

They prevent backflow of blood in the heart

Question 13

What is the Atrioventricular (AV) valve composed of

Answer 13

1) tricuspid valve - between the right atrium and
the right ventricle
2) bicuspid (mitral) valve - between the left atrium
and the left ventricle

Question 14

What is the Semilunar (SL) valves composed of

Answer 14

1) pulmonary valve - between the pulmonary
trunk and the right ventricle
2) aortic valve - between the aorta and the
left ventricle