UROGENITAL SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the UROGENITAL SYSTEM

Answer 1

organ system of the reproductive organs and the

urinary system.

Question 2

Why are these 2 grouped together

Answer 2

1) their proximity to each other,
2) their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the
male urethra.
3) Because of their proximity, the systems are OFTEN imaged together.

Question 3

What is Nephrology

Answer 3

medical specialty that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and
pathology of the kidney

Question 4

What is Urology

Answer 4

branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of
the male and female urinary tract system and the male reproductive organs.

Question 5

What is Andrology

Answer 5

branch of medicine concerned with male diseases and especially
with those affecting the male reproductive system.

Question 6

What are the kidneys functions in homeostatic

processes

Answer 6

1) Filter blood to remove metabolic wastes
2) Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
3) Regulate acid–base balance and blood pH
4) Directly influence blood pressure by controlling
blood volume
5) Regulate red blood cell production
6) Vital to many other metabolic functions
including:
- detoxifying substances in blood
- activating vitamin D
- and making new glucose (gluconeogenesis)

Question 7

What does the The urinary system consists of

Answer 7

1) Two kidneys
2) Urinary tract – composed of
- pair of ureters
- urinary bladder
- and single urethra

Question 8

What is the renal capsule

Answer 8

It is the external, thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue
 protects it from infection and physical
trauma

Question 9

What is the Renal hilum

Answer 9

opening on kidney surface
-where renal artery, vein, nerves, and
ureters enter and exit

Question 10

What is the Renal sinus

Answer 10

cavity filled with urine-draining structures and adipose tissue

Question 11

What parts of the kidney are the Urine forming portion

Answer 11

Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal columns

Question 12

Which part of the kidney is involved in filtration of the blood

Answer 12

nephron- Renal corpuscle

Question 13

What is the renal corpuscle composed of

Answer 13

1) Glomerulus

2) Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

Question 14

What is the Glomerulus

Answer 14

– group of looping fenestrated
capillaries
- extremely “leaky”

Question 15

What is the Glomerular capsule

Answer 15

double-layered sheath of epithelial tissue

- consists of outer parietal and inner visceral layer (podocytes)

Question 16

What does the Podocytes and glomerular capillaries form

Answer 16

A complex membrane that filters blood flowing through glomerulus

Question 17

What are the types of Nephrons

Answer 17

1) Cortical nephrons

2) Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 18

Cortical nephrons

Answer 18

1) make up about 80% of nephrons in kidneys; in renal cortex
- Renal corpuscles in outer renal cortex
- have short nephron loops
2) Peritubular capillaries – supply blood to loops of
cortical nephrons indirectly by exchanging
materials through interstitial fluid

Question 19

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 19

Much less common than cortical nephrons
-nephron loop is surrounded by ladder-like network
of capillaries (vasa recta)
-control volume and concentration of urine

Question 20

From the renal pelvis where does the urine drains into

Answer 20

ureters
- exits the kidney at the renal hilum
The function is transport urine into the urinary bladder

Question 21

How big is the Adult ureter

Answer 21

is 25–30 cm long with diameter of 3–4 nm

Question 22

Definition of Urinary bladder

Answer 22

A distensible muscular organ
The shape of the urinary bladder ranges from
collapsed to spherical to pear-shaped

Question 23

What are some parts of the urinary bladder

Answer 23

1) Bladder wall
2) Mucosa
3) Detrusor muscle

Question 24

Number of Bladder walls

Answer 24

4 layers

Question 25

Mucosa

Answer 25

– innermost - transitional epithelium -

protects bladder from urine

Question 26

Detrusor muscle

Answer 26

middle layer - Fibers running in

different directions squeeze bladder

Question 27

Where are the gametes produce

Answer 27

Males- testes (sperm)

Female- ovaries

Question 28

What does the Accessory sex glands produce

Answer 28

substances that protect gametes and facilitate their movement

Question 29

What are the Supporting structures for

Answer 29

assist delivery and joining of gametes and, in females, the growth of the fetus during pregnancy

Question 30

What does the Male reproductive system consist of

Answer 30

• sperm-producing paired testes (male gonads) within scrotum
• sperm travels through ducts that lead to opening in penis
• accessory glands secrete semen
• fluid that accompanies sperm through these tubes or ducts

Question 31

What are the two important functions that the testes preform

Answer 31

• sperm production and
• secretion of androgen hormones -
  primarily testosterone

Question 32

Each testis is divided into… how many compartments

Answer 32

200 to 300
compartments– lobules
contain coiled seminiferous tubules

Question 33

What is released into the lumen

Answer 33

spermatogonia and sperm cells

Question 34

The average male produces… how many sperm cells over a lifetime

Answer 34

525 billion sperm cells

Question 35

Sperm travels through which ducts

Answer 35

Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
Urethra

Question 36

Epididymis is the site of

Answer 36

sperm maturation and storage

Question 37

during ejaculation, sperm is propelled into which duct

Answer 37

Ductus deferens

Question 38

Urinary tract – composed of

Answer 38

• pair of ureters
• urinary bladder
• and single urethra