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MIDTERMS - HISTO LAB > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

blood is a specialized type of connective tissue consisting of formed elements
or cells suspended in a circulating fluid known as

A

plasma

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2
Q

Plasma consists of plasma
proteins like fibrinogens, globulins, and albumins, and a ground substance called ___

A

serum

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3
Q

These are anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled w/ a reddish protein known as haemoglobin that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

red blood cells

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4
Q

Reddish protein

A

haemoglobin

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5
Q

These are loosely related category of all cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury

A
  • white blood cells
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6
Q

White blood cells are also known as

A
  • leukocytes
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7
Q

WBCs are transported in the blood from their source, usually ______ or _____, to their tissue or body cavity destination

A
  • bone marrow; lymphoid tissue
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8
Q

They are called segmenters bcs of their multi lobed nuclei connected by thin chromatin filaments

A
  • neutrophils
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9
Q

Neutrophils are called _____ bcs of their multi lobed nuclei connected by thin chromatin filaments

A
  • segmenters
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10
Q

Platelet cells comes from the cytoplasm of megakaryocyte thru the process known as

A
  • thrombopoiesis
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11
Q

the dissolved components are mostly plasma proteins, but they also include nutrients, respiratory gases, nitrogenous waste products, hormones, and inorganic ions, collectively known as

A
  • electrolytes
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12
Q

the most abundant plasma protein, is made in the liver and serves primarily to maintain the osmotic pressure of blood

A

Albumin

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13
Q

made by the liver and other cells, include transferrin and other transport factors; fibronectin; prothrombin and other coagulation factors; lipoproteins and other proteins entering blood from tissue

A

⍺-Globulins and β-Globulins

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14
Q

which are immunoglobulins (antibodies) secreted by plasma cells in many locations

A

ɣ-Globulins

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15
Q

the larges plasma protein, also made in the liver, which, during clotting polymerize as insoluble, cross-linked fibers of fibrin that block blood loss from small vessels

A

Fibrinogen

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16
Q

a system of factors important in inflammation and destruction of microorganisms

A

Complement proteins

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17
Q

Many blood stains are available, but _____ and ____ stains are superior for differentiating blood cell types with oil immersion objective lens.

A
  • Giemsa; Wright
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18
Q

In stained blood films, erythrocytes are typically______, and nuclei of leukocytes, with an affinity for basic dyes, stain ____

A
  • orange-red to pink; blue
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19
Q

They function only within the bloodstream to bind oxygen for delivery to the tissues and, in exchange, bind carbon dioxide for removal from the tissues.

A

Erythrocytes

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20
Q

The life span of erythrocytes is approximately

A
  • 120 days
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21
Q

In blood smears, erythrocytes are usually 7 to 8 um in diameter. Since their size is relatively consistent in fixed tissues, they can be used to estimate the size of other cells and structures in tissue sections; in this role, erythrocytes are appropriately termed as “______.”

A

histologic ruler

22
Q

______ are extremely deformable. They pass easily through the narrowest capillaries by folding over on themselves. They stain uniformly with eosin

A

Erythrocytes

23
Q

The shape of the erythrocyte is maintained by a specialized _____ that provides the mechanical stability and flexibility important to withstand forces experienced during circulation

A

Cytoskeleton

24
Q

______ represent most of the proteins in the lipid bilayer.

A

Integral membrane proteins

25
Q

plays an important role in attaching the underlying cytoskeletal protein network to the cell membrane

A

Glycophorin C

26
Q

is the most abundant transmembrane protein in erythrocyte cell membrane. It binds hemoglobin and acts as an anchoring site for the cytoskeletal proteins

A

Band 3 protein

27
Q
  • are found on the inner surface of the cell membrane
  • they are organized into a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice network that laminates the inner layer of the membrane.
A

Peripheral membrane proteins

28
Q

spectrin filaments are anchored to the lipid bilayer by two large protein complexes:

A
  • band 4.1 protein (first complex)
  • Ankyrin protein (second complex)
29
Q

this complex interacts with glycophorin C and other transmembrane proteins.

A

band 4.1 protein complex

30
Q

this complex interacts with band 3 and other integral membrane proteins

A

-ankyrin protein complex

31
Q

a protein specialized for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Hemoglobin

32
Q

perform their functions outside the circulatory system and use the blood stream to reach their destination

A

Leukocytes

33
Q

Cells containing specific granules are classified as granulocytes

A

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

34
Q

cells that lack specific granules are classified as

A

agranulocytes

35
Q

Cells containing specific granules are classified as

A

granulocytes

36
Q

cells that are classified as agranulocytes

A
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
37
Q

Both granulocytes and granulocytes possess a small number of _______, which are lysosomes

A

nonspecific azurophilic granules

38
Q

are motile cells; they leave the circulation and migrate to their site of action in the connective tissue.

A

Neutrophils

39
Q

are active phagocytes that utilize a variety of surface receptors to recognize bacteria and other infectious agents at the site of inflammation

A

Neutrophils

40
Q

are associated with allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and chronic inflammation

A

Eosinophils

41
Q

are the least numerous of the leukocytes

A

Basophils

42
Q

closely related to that of mast cells where they release pharmacologic agents via degranulation

A

Basophils

43
Q

are the precursors of the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.

A

Monocytes

44
Q

They transform into macrophages, which function as antigen-presenting cells in the immune system

A

Monocytes

45
Q

are the main functional cells of the lymphatic or immune system.

A

Lymphocytes

46
Q

three (3) functionally distinct types of lymphocytes present in the body:

A
  • T lymphocytes
  • B lymphocytes
  • Natural Killer (NK) cell
47
Q

In stained smear, thromobocytes/platelets show a lightly stained “_____” region surrounding a more darkly stained central region “_____” contains membrane enclosed granules

A

Hyalomere; granulomere

48
Q

Multilobed nucleus, pale red & blue cytoplasmic granules

A

Neutrophils

49
Q

Bilobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules

A

Eosinophil

50
Q

Bilobed nucleus, purplish-black cytoplasmic granules

A

Basophilic

51
Q

Large spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

A

Lymphocytes

52
Q

Kidney-shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

A

monocytes

MIDTERMS - HISTO LAB (7 decks)

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