Blood and Lymphatic Vessels

Question 1

circulatory system is divided into two components:

Answer 1

• blood vascular system
• lymphatic vascular system

Question 2

system that transports blood

Answer 2

blood vascular system

Question 3

system that collects and returns excess extracellular fluid (lymph) to the blood vascular system

Answer 3

lymphatic vascular system

Question 4

The endothelium, which is the inner surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are lined by flattened endothelial cells (_____).

Answer 4

Endotheliocytes

Question 5

The fibrous elements in the intima and adventitia (mainly collagen) run ____ (along the length of the vessel)

Answer 5

longitudinally

Question 6

The fibrous elements in the media (elastic tissue or muscle) run

Answer 6

Circularly

Question 7

Elastic fibers, including those of the internal and external elastic laminae are often in the form of

Answer 7

fenestrated sheets

Question 8

innermost coat of the wall of artery which is thin and appear scalloped or corrugated in the specimen.

Answer 8

Tunica intima

Question 9

Tunica intima consists of:

Answer 9

• endothelium
• subendothelial layer of collagenous connective tissue
• internal elastic lamina

Question 10

Thin wavy band of elastic fibers which separates the tunica intima from the next layer in medium-sized and large arteries

Answer 10

Internal elastic lamina

Question 11

The middle, thickest and most prominent coat of the artery

Answer 11

Tunica media

Question 12

consists predominantly of smooth muscles arranged in concentric layers, elastic fibers scattered between the muscle cells, and a well-defined external elastic lamina separating it from the outermost tunic

Answer 12

tunica media

Question 13

this is the thinner outermost coat of composed principally of areolar connective tissue

Answer 13

tunica adventitia

Question 14

tunica adventitia is composed principally of areolar connective tissue (primarily ____ & ____)

Answer 14

• type 1 collagen
• elastic connective tissue fibers

Question 15

Small blood vessels called _____ & nerves may be found in this layer (what layer?____) which also penetrate the outer half of the tunica media

Answer 15

Vasa vasorum; tunica adventitia

Question 16

are the largest of the arteries.

Answer 16

Elastic Arteries

Question 17

Because they arise directly from the heart, they are subject to cyclic changes of blood pressure.

Answer 17

Elastic Arteries

Question 18

• to adapt to the changes in blood pressure, an abundance of ____ are located in the walls of these vessels
• to provide structural stability and allow distention of the elastic arteries
• they also help in the maintenance of blood pressure in between heartbeats.

Answer 18

elastic fibers

Question 19

____ constitute most of the arteries of the body

Answer 19

Muscular arteries

Question 20

Muscular Arteries: _____ possess well-developed internal elastic laminae.

Answer 20

tunica intimae

Question 21

Muscular Arteries: _____ is composed of many layers of smooth muscle cells, and its outer boundary in larger muscular arteries has an external elastic lamina.

Answer 21

tunica media

Question 22

Muscular Arteries: _____ is also well supplied by vasa vasorum and nerve fibers

Answer 22

Tunica adventitia

Question 23

These are the smallest arteries and are responsible for regulating blood pressure.

Answer 23

Arterioles

Question 24

Arterioles: ______ is composed of an endothelium with a slight amount of subendothelial connective tissue.

Answer 24

Tunica intima

Question 25

Arterioles: ______ is made up of a few layers of smooth muscle cells, but in small arterioles, only a single smooth muscle cell layer is found.

Answer 25

Tunica media

Question 26

Arterioles: ______ is also slight with occasional fibroblasts

Answer 26

Tunica adventitia

Question 27

Tunica mediais made up of a few layers of smooth muscle cells, but in small arterioles, only a ______ is found.

Answer 27

single smooth muscle cell layer

Question 28

are very small vessels that consist of a single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina and occasional pericytes.

Answer 28

Capillaries

Question 29

These vessels exhibit selective permeability, and they, together with venules, are responsible for the exchange of gases, metabolites, and other substances between the blood stream and tissues of the body.

Answer 29

capillaries

Question 30

capillaries exhibit selective permeability, and they, together with ____are responsible for the exchange of gases, metabolites, and other substances between the blood stream and tissues of the body.

Answer 30

Venules

Question 31

three (3) types of capillaries:

Answer 31

- continuous - fenestrated - sinusoidal

Question 32

_____ lack fenestrate and possess a continuous basal lamina.

Answer 32

Continuous capillaries

Question 33

Continuous capillaries are present in regions such as

Answer 33

- skeletal muscle - lungs - thymus - peripheral nerve fibers

Question 34

_____ are penetrated by relatively large diaphragm-covered pores. These cells are also enveloped by a continuous basal lamina.

Answer 34

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 35

Fenestrated capillaries are located ______

Answer 35

- endocrine glands - pancreas - lamina propria of the intestines

Question 36

They constitute the glomeruli of the kidneys

Answer 36

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 37

They are enveloped by a discontinuous basal lamina

Answer 37

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 38

The intercellular junctions of their endothelial cells display gaps, permitting leakage of material into and out of these vessels.

Answer 38

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 39

Sinusoidal capillaries are located in the

Answer 39

- bone marrow - liver - lymph nodes

Question 40

____ are low-pressure vessels, that conduct blood from the larger tissues of the body to the heart.

Answer 40

Veins

Question 41

Also, many veins contain ______ in the lumen that prevent back flow of blood

Answer 41

valves

Question 42

Veins contain at least twice the amount of blood compared to arteries. This is because the lumina of veins are much _____ arteries

Answer 42

larger than

Question 43

These are the smallest veins into which capillaries drain. They are 20-3o um in diameter

Answer 43

Venules

Question 44

Flattened or branching cells called ____ may be seen outside the basal laminae of small venules, while some muscle may be present in larger vessels.

Answer 44

Pericytes

Question 45

Functionally, venules have to be distinguished from true veins. The ______ have considerable permeability and exchanges between blood and surrounding tissues can take place through them.

Answer 45

walls of venules

Question 46

are sites where lymphocytes and other cells pass out of (or into) the blood stream

Answer 46

venules

Question 47

compared to arteries, veins have

Answer 47

- thinner walls - larger diameter - wider lumen

Question 48

___ are thin walled structures accompanied by a valve which carry lymph and are lined by endothelial cells, consequently the layer is composed of a thin smooth muscles

Answer 48

Lymphatic vessels

Question 49

The critical role of the valve lies by preventing the back flow of lymph allowing the system to function even without a _____

Answer 49

central pump.

Question 50

____ is the blood vessel with a relatively thick tunica media showing a prominent muscle content

Answer 50

Arteriole

Question 51

____ is the blood vessel with a wide lumen and thin wall; latter seems to be composed only of the lining endothelium and a thin surrounding areolar connective tissue

Answer 51

Venule

Question 52

____ is the thinnest walled blood vessel, the wall of which is just the lining endothelium; both tunica media and tunica adventitia have disappeared

Answer 52

Capillary

Question 53

In stained specimen, contents of a lymph vessel appear as a fibrinous mass with very few cells, mostly _____

Answer 53

Lymphocytes