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MIDTERMS - HISTO LAB > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for sensing and maintaining balance and inter and
maintaining balance and interpreting linear and angular acceleration

A

inner ear

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2
Q

Taste is detected by the
taste buds in the

A

oral cavity

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3
Q

This coat consists of the opaque posterior four-fifth, the sclera and the anterior transparent one-fifth, the cornea

A

Outer Fibrous Coat

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4
Q

Outer Fibrous Coat also known as

A

Sclerocorneal Layer

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5
Q

a dense regular connective tissue resembling that of ligaments and tendons, provides
rigid structural support for the eyeball

A

sclera

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6
Q

Sclera is separated externally from

A

Tenon’s capsule

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7
Q

Sclera is separated internally from

A

choroid

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8
Q

Tenon’s capsule aka

A

fascial sheath of eyeball

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9
Q

Sclera is separated externally from Tenon’s capsule (fascial sheath of eyeball) by

A

episcleral layer of loose connective tissue (Tenon’s space)

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10
Q

Sclera is separated internally from chorid by

A

lamina fusca (suprachoroidal lamina)

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11
Q

Its rich sensory nerve supply (from the ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve ____) is sensitive to touch and pain

A

V

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12
Q

a prominent basement membrane,
8-15 µm thick—that binds epithelium to underlying connective tissue

A

Bowman’s membrane

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13
Q

The thick central region, the
______, contains 60-70 layers of type I collagen fibers, which are uniform in diameter and embedded in a proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix

A

substantia propria

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14
Q

______—misnamed ______—lines the posterior surface

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium; corneal endothelium

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15
Q

Cornea’s basement membrane (10-12 µm thick) is .

A

Descemet’s membrane

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16
Q

The boundary between cornea and sclera (white of the eye) is an abrupt transitional zone, the _____, where mucous membranes covering
the sclera (bulbar conjunctiva) and underside of the eyelid (palpebral conjunctiva) join the anterior corneal epithelium.

A

limbus

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17
Q

marked by a shallow depression externally and it is the place where
the transparent cornea becomes continuous with the opaque sclera.

A

sclerocorneal junction

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18
Q

It contains an important circular canal lined by endothelium called _____ concerned with drainage of aqueous humour

A

canal of Schlemm

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19
Q

canal of schlemm aka

A

scleral venous sinus

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20
Q

dialysate of blood

A

Aqueous humour

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21
Q

a clear watery fluid
(similar to CSF in composition) produced by the ciliary epithelium, covering the ciliary processes
into the posterior chamber

A

Aqueous humour

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22
Q

serves as a medium for exchange of metabolites to and from the avascular lens and cornea

A

Aqueous humour

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23
Q

a heavily pigmented vascular coat that absorbs light that has passed through the retina, creating a dark chamber for the eyeball.

A

Middle Vascular Pigmented Coat

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24
Q

Middle Vascular Pigmented Coat aka

A

Uveal Tract

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25
Q
  • the posterior part of the middle coat and lies between sclera and retina.
A

Choroid

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26
Q
  • it is rich in small blood vessels and pigment cells, which give a purple black color to this coat.
A

Choroid

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27
Q

Loose connective tissue rich in melanocytes

A

Suprachoroidal layer

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28
Q

Loose connective tissue rich in melanocytes and medium-sized
blood vessel

A

Vascular layer

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29
Q

Capillary network essential for nourishment of retina

A

Choriocapillary layer

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30
Q

Refractile hyaline layer forming basement membrane of the
pigment epithelium of retina

A

Bruch’s membrane (glossy membrane)

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31
Q

a circumferentially thickened part of the middle coat extending from the ora serrata to the edge of lens

A

ciliary body

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32
Q

cilial body’s anterior part presents radially oriented ridges called _____ and they give attachment to the suspensory ligament (zonule) of lens

A

ciliary processes

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33
Q

cilial body is mainly formed by ____ (smooth muscle) oriented in
longitudinal, circular and radial directions

A

ciliary muscle

34
Q

is the forward prolongation of nonsensitive part (ciliary part) of retina beyond the ora serrata

A

Ciliary epithelium

35
Q

the ____ is the pigmented cuboidal epithelium and is continuous
with the pigment epithelium of retina

A

superficial layer

36
Q

the ____ is the nonpigmented columnar epithelium which is continuous with the nervous layer of retina at the ora serrata

A

deep layer

37
Q

It forms a pigmented circular diaphragm placed in
front of the lens with an aperture in the center, the pupil

A

iris

38
Q

is circularly arranged near the pupillary margin of the iris and it
causes constriction of pupil.

A

Sphincter pupillae (smooth muscle)

39
Q

radially arranged and causes dilation of pupil.

A

Dilator pupillae

40
Q

The color of the eye depends on the amount of

A

stromal pigment

41
Q
  • the innermost coat of the eyeball
  • is soft, translucent and pinkish red in color in fresh
    unbleached stat
A

retina

42
Q

retina aka

A

Inner Photosensitive Coat

43
Q

The ______ is sensitive to light and is called the optic part of retina, which extends from the optic disc to a scalloped margin behind the ciliary
body, the ora serrata

A

posterior three-fourth

44
Q

The _____ is nonsensitive to light and it lines the ciliary body (ciliary part of retina) and the posterior surface of the iris (iridial part of retina) as a double layer of epithelial cells.

A

anterior one-fourth

45
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: arranged in parallel, is a prominent, fibrillar layer that comprises the
outer photoreceptor segments

A

layer of rods and cones

46
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: the line formed by junctional complexes between
photoreceptors and supportive (Müller) cells

A

external limiting membrane

47
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: a lightly stained zone, represents synaptic areas between
photoreceptors and dendrites of bipolar cells.

A

outer plexiform layer

48
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: marks the middle nucleated parts of rods and cones, which are
arranged in palisade manner

A

outer nuclear layer

49
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: contains mostly cell bodies of bipolar cells, other associated neurons, and
nuclei of Müller cells.

A

inner nuclear layer

49
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: contains mostly cell bodies of bipolar cells, other associated neurons, and
nuclei of Müller cells.

A

inner nuclear layer

50
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: a relatively thick synaptic region, mostly between bipolar cells and ganglion cells, that also holds amacrine cell processes spreading laterally as interconnecting
neurons.

A

inner plexiform layer

51
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS:
- contains cell bodies of multipolar ganglion cells
- their dendrites branch in the inner plexiform layer, and their axons enter the next layer.

A

ganglion cell layer

52
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: comprises ganglion cell axons, about 1 million in each retina, that course
radially toward the optic nerve

A

nerve fiber layer

53
Q

DISTINCT LAYERS: the thin basal lamina of Müller cells, marks the boundary between neural retina and vitreous body

A

internal limiting membrane

54
Q

The visual axis of the eyeball passes through a depression in the retina called

A

fovea centralis

55
Q

Fovea is surrounded by an oval yellow pigmented area called

A

macula lutea

56
Q

It is the area through which optic nerve leaves the retina, pierced by central vessels of retina, and
considered to be the blind spot of retina as here photoreceptors are absent

A

optic disc or optic papilla.

57
Q

About 4 mm medial to fovea centralis the retina shows a round pale pink area called

A

optic disc or optic papilla.

58
Q

a spiral canal shaped like a snail shell, is embedded in temporal bone.

A

cochlea

59
Q

The cochlear duct is filled with______; _____fills the other two scalae.

A
  • endolymph; perilymph
60
Q

The scalae vestibuli and tympani communicate through the____, a small opening at the cochlear apex.

A
  • helicotrema
61
Q

a richly vascularized pseudostratified epithelium that secretes endolymph.

A
  • stria vascularis
62
Q

________, which marks the roof of the cochlear duct, consists of two layers of simple squamous epithelium and delineates cochlear duct from scala vestibuli.

A
  • Reissner’s (vestibular) membrane
63
Q

______are specialized auditory receptor cells.

A
  • Cochlear hair cell
63
Q

Nerve fibers converge toward the spiral ganglion, which contains cell bodies of neurons of the cochlear part of_______. These bipolar neurons send axons to the brain’s auditory cortex

A

cranial nerve VIII

64
Q

______ is a mucous membrane that is highly specialized for smell.

A

Olfactory mucosa

65
Q

slender bipolar neurons spanning the width of the epithelium, are receptor cells that bind odoriferous substances and convert them to nerve impulses. They are the only neurons in the body with direct exposure to a body surface

A

Olfactory cells

66
Q

The apical dendrite of each cell ends as a_______, which extends above the epithelial surface.

A

bulbous olfactory knob

67
Q

Many nonmotile cilia that lie along the epithelial surface emanate from an olfactory knob and increase surface area for______.

A

odor detection

68
Q

The _______ is loose, highly vascular connective tissue containing many thin-walled blood vessels and branched tubuloalveolar glands (of Bowman), which take serous secretions via ducts to the mucous membrane surface

A

lamina propria

69
Q

_____are ovoid to barrel-shaped clusters of pale-staining cells lying vertically in stratified squamous epithelium

A

Taste buds

70
Q

each taste bud has ____ cells, whose arrangement resembles segments of a citrus fruit

A

50-75

71
Q

primary receptor neurons in olfactory mucosa

A

olfactory receptor cells

72
Q

Anterior surface of the cornea is covered w/ a _______ that is NONKERATINIZED and consists of FIVE or MORE CELL LAYERS

A

stratified squamous corneal epithelium

73
Q
  • forms the body of the cornea
  • consists of parallel bundles of collagen fibers and layers of flat fibroblasts
A

substania propria

74
Q

Homogenous anterior limiting

A

bowman’s membrane

75
Q

a thick basement membrane located at the posterior portion of the corneal stroma

A

descemet’s membrane

76
Q

Posterior surface of the cornea that faces the anterior chamber of the eye is covered with simple squamous epithelium called posterior epithelium, also known as ________

A

corneal endothelium

77
Q

____ is a vascular outer layer with loose connective tissue and pigmented melanocytes

A
  • choroid
78
Q

Deep to the outer nuclear layer is a clear area of synaptic connections known as the

A
  • outer plexiform layer

MIDTERMS - HISTO LAB (7 decks)

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