blood

Question 1

what is the composition of blood

Answer 1

plasma 55%, blood cells (red,white,platelets) 45%

Question 2

what is the pH of blood

Answer 2

7.4

Question 3

what is plasma made of

Answer 3

90% water, dissolved substances 3%, proteins 7%

Question 4

what is the role of plasma

Answer 4

transport medium for cells, carries heat, carries dissolved substances

Question 5

name 4 examples of dissolved substances in the blood

Answer 5

products of digestion (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol), waste products (carbon dioxide, uric acid), homones (insulin, testosterone), plasma proteins (fibrinogen), anti-bodies, enzymes, salts

Question 6

name the three types of blood cells

Answer 6

red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes), platelets

Question 7

give features of red blood cells that make them fit for purpose

Answer 7

bi-concave (large surface area), flexible, numerous

Question 8

where are red blood cells made

Answer 8

ribs, sternum, long bones in arms and legs

Question 9

where are dead red blood cells broken down

Answer 9

liver and spleen

Question 10

what protein do red blood cells carry

Answer 10

haemoglobin

Question 11

what illness is associated with lack of iron in the diet

Answer 11

anaemia

Question 12

do white blood cells have a definite shape

Answer 12

no- their shape vary

Question 13

give three differences between leucocytes nad erythrocytes

Answer 13

leucocytes- no haemoglobin, larger than rbc, less numerous than rbc, protect against disease

Question 14

name two types of leucocytes

Answer 14

lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 15

where are lymphocytes made and stored?

Answer 15

made in bone marrow, matures in lymphatic tissue, stored in spleen,lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids and thymus gland

Question 16

what is the primary function of lymphocytes

Answer 16

produce antibodies in response to bacteria/viruses

Question 17

whats another name for a monocyte

Answer 17

macrophages

Question 18

where are monocytes made

Answer 18

bone marrow

Question 19

what shape is the nucleus of a monocyte

Answer 19

kidney shaped

Question 20

what is the name given to cells that can engulf bacteria/dead cells

Answer 20

phagocytes

Question 21

what is the purpose of monocytes

Answer 21

to engulf bacteria and dead cells

Question 22

what are the symptoms of leukaemia

Answer 22

anaemia, increased risk of infection, reduces ability of blood clotting

Question 23

how is leukaemia treated

Answer 23

radiation therapy

Question 24

what is leukaemia

Answer 24

a blood cancer where white blood cells are produced too rapidly and are too immature. they end up crowding out other blood cells

Question 25

where are platelets made

Answer 25

bone marrow

Question 26

what are 2 functions of platelets

Answer 26

reduce blood loss, prevents entry of micro-organisms

Question 27

what are platelets composed of

Answer 27

cell fragments

Question 28

describe the mechanism as to how blood loss is reduced

Answer 28

vessel narrows, platelets stick to damaged cells in the blood vessel and form a temporary clot, a long lasting cut forms using 30 chemicals

Question 29

name and describe a blood disorder

Answer 29

haemophilia, blood clotting disorder where the body cannot produce one or more of the clotting factors and therefore their blood is unable to clot

Question 30

give 3 functions of the blood

Answer 30

transport of materials, protection against infection, regulation of body temperature, osmoregulation

Question 31

name the 4 blood groups

Answer 31

A, AB, B and O

Question 32

what makes blood groups differ from each other

Answer 32

based on the glycoprotein molecules present/abset on the surface of the red blood cells

Question 33

what is glycoprotein

Answer 33

carbohydrate + protein that acts as antigens

Question 34

define antigen

Answer 34

a substance that the immune system notes as foreign and produces anitbodies in response to it

Question 35

what makes a person rhesus positive/negative

Answer 35

if they have factor D present int eh blood or not

Question 36

what may happen if a blood transfusion occurs between someone who is rhesus pos and rhesus neg?

Answer 36

a serious reaction will occur as the blood believes it is under attack

Question 37

how is rhesus factor important to pregnant women?

Answer 37

during a 2nd pregnancy , if a RH- woman is carrying a RH+ baby, some factor D will make its way into the mother's bloodstream causing the mother's blood to attack the baby