Blood

Question 1

What is the clear yellowish fluid portion of the blood?

Answer 1

plasma

Question 2

How much of the blood does plasma make up?

Answer 2

54-55%

Question 3

How much of plasma is water?

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

Does plasma contain dissolved molecules?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

What does plasma transport?

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

Does plasma contain antibodies or starch?

Answer 6

antibodies

Question 7

True or false: is plasma a transporter substance?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

What are the most numerous of the blood cells?

Answer 8

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Question 9

Where are RBC produced?

Answer 9

bone marrow, particularily in that of the ribs and vertebrae

Question 10

Do erythrocytes contain a nucleus or mitochondria?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

What is the life expectancy of a RBC?

Answer 11

2-4 months

Question 12

What is the red-coloured protein the RBCs contain?

Answer 12

hemoglobin

Question 13

What is the job of hemoglobin?

Answer 13

binds to oxygen

Question 14

Can RBC reproduce on their own?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

What is hemoglobin responsible for?

Answer 15

the transport of oxygen

Question 16

Who is oxygen saturation monitored by?

Answer 16

health care workers

Question 17

What are normal blood oxygen levels?

Answer 17

95-100%

Question 18

What happens if your blood oxygen levels are below 90%?

Answer 18

hypoxia (low levels of O2 in blood)

Question 19

What happens if your blood oxygen levels are below 80%?

Answer 19

compromised organ function; must be addressed immediately!

Question 20

What are Thrombocytes (Platelets)?

Answer 20

cell fragments (not true cells)

Question 21

How do platelets float in blood?

Answer 21

passively

Question 22

How long do platelets live for?

Answer 22

7-11 days

Question 23

What do platelets collect and stick to?

Answer 23

cut blood vessels

Question 24

What are platelets responsible for?

Answer 24

clotting

Question 25

What protein do platelets release?

Answer 25

fibrin

Question 26

Where are Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) produced?

Answer 26

- bone marrow - lymph nodes - thymus - spleen

Question 27

Which blood cell is an important component of the body's immune system?

Answer 27

WBC

Question 28

In what fashion do WBCs move about?

Answer 28

amoeboid fashion, squeezing through capillary walls and in between body cells

Question 29

Do WBCs contain a nuclei? What does this mean?

Answer 29

- yes | - this means that they can reproduce

Question 30

How many less WBCs are there than RBCs?

Answer 30

(1/500-1000)

Question 31

When do numbers of WBCs fluctuate?

Answer 31

when fighting an infection

Question 32

How long can WBCs live for?

Answer 32

moths or years (immunity)

Question 33

What are the different types of Leukocytes (WBCS)?

Answer 33

- Lymphocytes - Neutrophils - Monocytes - Basophils

Question 34

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 34

Recognize disease causing organisms (production of antibodies) and alert body.

Question 35

What are neutrophils?

Answer 35

Surround and kill invaders using phagocytoses (lysomes destroy invadors and WBC). Remains of these WBCs may form pus.

Question 36

What do monocytes become?

Answer 36

macrophages (long-term clean up crew)

Question 37

WHat do basophils release?

Answer 37

histamine (vasodilator) and an anticoagulant.

Question 38

What do the plasma membranes of RBCs bear?

Answer 38

genetically determined proteins (antigens)

Question 39

What are antigens?

Answer 39

a substance that the body recognizes as foreign and stimulates an immune response against it

Question 40

What are antibodies?

Answer 40

found in the plasma and bind to specific antigens, fight against them and clump them up basically they destroy them

Question 41

True or false: introduction of foreing antigens in the blood can be fatal?

Answer 41

true

Question 42

What is agglutination? What can this lead to and what does it prevent?

Answer 42

- binding of the antibodies to the antigens results in clumping of fireign RBCs - leads to clogging of small blood vessels - prevents the flow of oxygen to tissues

Question 43

What does the binding of antibodies to antigens help your body to do? What does this release into the bloodstream?

Answer 43

recognize these cells as foreign; your body will work to lyse them which releases hemoglobin into the blood stream?

Question 44

True or False: is hemoglobin too big to fit in kidney tubles?

Answer 44

true (this can result in blockages in your kidneys that will cause kidney failure and death)

Question 45

What antigen does each blood group contain?

Answer 45

A: A antigen B: B antigen AB: A and B antigen O: None

Question 46

What antibodies does each blood group contain?

Answer 46

A: Anti-B B: Anti-A AB: None O: Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 47

True or False: if a reaction occurs (clumping) the antigen specific for that antibody is present?

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What does Anti-A serum contain?

Answer 48

A antiobodies

Question 49

What does Anti-B serum contain?

Answer 49

B antibodies

Question 50

What does Anti-Rh serum contain?

Answer 50

Rh antibodies

Question 51

Example: Determine the Blood Type Anti A serum: clumping Anti B serum: clumping Anto Rh serum: clumping

Answer 51

AB+

Question 52

Example: Determine the Blood Type Anti A serum: no clumping Anti B serum: no clumping Anti Rh serum: no clumping

Answer 52

O-

Question 53

What type of blood can A donate to?

Answer 53

A, AB

Question 54

What type of blood can B donate to?

Answer 54

B, AB

Question 55

What type of blood can AB donate to?

Answer 55

AB

Question 56

What type of blood can O donate to?

Answer 56

A, B, AB, Oq

Question 57

What type of blood can A receive from?

Answer 57

A, O

Question 58

What type of blood can B receive from?

Answer 58

B, O

Question 59

What type of blood can AB receive from?

Answer 59

A, B, AB, O

Question 60

What type of blood can O receive from?

Answer 60

O

Question 61

If you have negative blood, can you receive from positive blood?

Answer 61

no

Question 62

If you have positive blood, can you receive from negative blood?

Answer 62

yes

Question 63

What is the most serious Rh incompatibility?

Answer 63

occurs when a Rh- mother is carrying an Rh+ baby

Question 64

Is the first baby usually born healthy (Rh incompatibility between mother and child)? What does the child expose the mother to?

Answer 64

- yes | - the child has exposed the mother to the Rh+ antigen

Question 65

What does the mother need to be injected with shortly after childbirth? What does this do?

Answer 65

- mother needs to be injected with injection of anti-Rh+ antibodies (RhoGAM) - tricks her body into thinking it was not exposed to Rh+ antigens

Question 66

What happens if the anti-Rh+ does not occur?

Answer 66

the second Rh+ child is at risk of attack from the mother's Rh+ antibodies (through placenta)

Question 67

If the mother's Rh+ antibodies attack the baby through the placenta, what does it result in?

Answer 67

hemolytic disease of the newborn (the mother's antibodies are destroying the baby's RBCs)

Question 68

What can hemolytic disease cause?

Answer 68

brain damage and death unless fetal transfusions are done before birth to give them more RBCs

Question 69

Trace cycle of Rh compatibility in mother.

Answer 69

1) Mother is exposed to Rh atigens at the birth of her Rh+ baby 2) Mother makes anti-Rh antibodies 3) During the mother's next pregnancy, Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and endanger the baby