Endocrine System

Question 1

What is exocrine?

Answer 1

releases products (enzymes) into ducts

Question 2

What is endocrine

Answer 2

directly to bloodstream; no ducts

Question 3

What are glands?

Answer 3

release products to bloodstream directly

Question 4

What are hormones?

Answer 4

products deliver messaages to body

Question 5

What are target cells?

Answer 5

have specific receptors for specific hormones

Question 6

What is the hypothalamus (what do the hormones it makes control and where are these hormones stored)?

Answer 6

the hypthalamus makes hormones that control the pituitary gland
stored in the pituitary gland

Question 7

What does the pituitary gland produce?

Answer 7

hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands

Question 8

How many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What do the parathyroid release? What does it do?

Answer 9

• parathyroid hormone

- regulates the level of calcium in the blood

Question 10

What does the thymus release during childhood? What does it do?

Answer 10

• thymosin

- stimulates T-cell development

Question 11

What do the adrenal glands release? What does this help the body deal with?

Answer 11

• epinephrine and nonepinephrine

- helps body deal with stress

Question 12

What does the pineal gland release and what is it involved in?

Answer 12

-release melatonin

involved in rhythmic activities, such as daily sleep-wake cycles

Question 13

What does the thyroid do and what does this regulate?

Answer 13

• thyroxine

- regulates metabolism

Question 14

What does the pancreas produce and what does this regulate?

Answer 14

• produce insulin and glucagon

- regulate the level of glucose in blood

Question 15

What does the ovaries produce? What are these things required for?

Answer 15

• produce estrogen and progesterone
• estrogen: required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the developement of eggs
• progesterone: prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg

Question 16

What do the testes produce? What is it responsible for?

Answer 16

• testosterone

- responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics

Question 17

What does the master gland control?

Answer 17

controls the other endocrine glands

Question 18

What happens if there is too much or too little growth hormone?

Answer 18

• gigantism

- dwarfism

Question 19

What does antidiuretic do?

Answer 19

stimulates kidneys to keep water

Question 20

The hypothalamus is….part of the____attatched to____.

Answer 20

• brain

- pituitary

Question 21

The hypothalamus controls____secretions.

Answer 21

-pituitary

Question 22

What does the thyroid regulate?

Answer 22

metabolism and energy balance

Question 23

What are the two thyroid hormones and what do they do?

Answer 23

• thyroxine (regulates body energy use)

- calcitonin (one hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate in blood)

Question 24

What do PTH (parathyroid hormones) increase?

Answer 24

calcium, phosphate, and magnesium absorption in intestines

Question 25

PTH causes bones to release____and____

Answer 25

calcium | phosphate

Question 26

PTH causes removal of____and____from____by____.

Answer 26

- calcium - magnesium - urine - kidneys

Question 27

What increases the making of Vitamin D in body?

Answer 27

PTH

Question 28

What does our body use feedback mechanism to maintain?

Answer 28

homeostasis within our body

Question 29

What are the parts of the adrenal gland (or kidney???) confused.... also, what do they do?

Answer 29

cortex (produces more than 2 dozen steroid hromones called corticosteriods) medulla (fight or flight, epinphrine and nonepinephrine)

Question 30

What are the two ways to regulate glucose?

Answer 30

1) eating regularly | 2) hormone adjustments

Question 31

What did the pancrease do in digestion?

Answer 31

secreted enzymes

Question 32

Does the pancrease release hormones?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

What do pancreatic hormones regulate?

Answer 33

blood sugar level before and after meales

Question 34

What are islets?

Answer 34

clusters of cells in pancreas

Question 35

Islets: | Alpha?

Answer 35

secrete glucagon (increase in sugar)

Question 36

Islets: | Beta?

Answer 36

secrete insulin (decrease sugar)

Question 37

``` What happens between meals? Glucose level? Pancrease secretes what? Liver changes what? Glucose sent where? ```

Answer 37

blood glucose low -->pancrease secretes glucagon--> liver changes glycogen to glucose--> glucose sent to target tissues

Question 38

What happens after a meal? Glucose level? Pancrease secretes what? Glucose goves where?

Answer 38

blood glucose high-->pancrease secretes insulin-->glucose goes to the liver (glycogen) and goes to target tissues

Question 39

Diabetes: are sugar levels in blood high or low?

Answer 39

high

Question 40

What do diabetics not produce enough of to control blood sugar?

Answer 40

insulin

Question 41

What do they have to have injections of (diabetes)?

Answer 41

insulin

Question 42

What de the reproductive glands produce? What do they secrete? Male and female examples.

Answer 42

- gametes - sex hormones - female: ovaries, estrogen - male: testes, testosterone