Respiratory System

Question 1

What do the nose and nasal passages contain?

Answer 1

cilia and mucous

Question 2

What does mucous do?

Answer 2

catches bacteria and other foreign debris

Question 3

What does cilia do?

Answer 3

move mucous posteriorly towards the pharynx to be swallowed and digested

Question 4

What is the pharynx?

Answer 4

upper part of throat

common pathway for food and air

Question 5

What does the epiglottis open to allow?

Answer 5

to allow air into the larynx

Question 6

What is the epiglottis :) ? What does it prevent?

Answer 6

• Guardian of the airways

- prevents food from entering larynx

Question 7

What is the larynx?

Answer 7

The voice box

Question 8

What does the larynx contain?

Answer 8

• vocal cords

- glottis

Question 9

What is the trachea?

Answer 9

windpipe

Question 10

What are the walls of the trachea reinforced with?

Answer 10

c-shaped rings of cartilage that keep the tube open during breathing

Question 11

What are the walls of the trachea lined with?

Answer 11

ciliated mucosa that beat in the opposite direction of airflow

Question 12

What do the bronchi lead into?

Answer 12

the lungs

Question 13

What kind of air do the bronchi contain?

Answer 13

warm, clean, and humidified air

Question 14

What are the lungs surrounded by?

Answer 14

surrounded by two pleura (membranes) that allow tungs to glide over thoracic wall

Question 15

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 15

last (and smallest) branch of the bronchi

Question 16

What are the bronchioles reinforced with?

Answer 16

cartilage

Question 17

What are the alveoli surrounded by?

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

How many cell layers thick are the alveoli?

Answer 18

one

Question 19

What connect alveoli?

Answer 19

pores

Question 20

What is the diaphragm important in?

Answer 20

breathing

Question 21

What is breathing?

Answer 21

air moves into and out of the lungs to refresh air in alveoli

Question 22

What is external respiration?

Answer 22

oxygen diffuses across the moist surgace of the lungs into the blood vessels (and carbon dioxide leaves).

Question 23

What is respiratory gas transport? (two things)

Answer 23

• oxygen is transported to tissues from the lungst by the circulatory system.
• carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to lungs by the circulatory system

Question 24

What is internal respiration?

Answer 24

tissues take up oxygen from blood and release carbon dioxide to the blood

Question 25

What is the respiratory surface?

Answer 25

the aprt of an animal where oxygen diffuses into the animal and carbon dioxide diffuses to the surrounding environment

Question 26

Volume changes lead to___changes, which lead to the flow of____to equalize the____.

Answer 26

- pressure - gases - pressure

Question 27

How does the brain detect the rate of breathing?

Answer 27

by responding to internal stimuli that indicate how much oxygen the body needs.

Question 28

What happens in inhalation? *3 things*

Answer 28

- the diaphragm contracts (moves down) - chest cavity expands, which causes the lungs to expand (increase in volume;decrease in pressure) - air moves into the lungs

Question 29

What happens in exhalation? *4 things*

Answer 29

- passive process - diaphragm relaxes (moves up) - decreases size of chestcavvity, which causes the lungs to revoil (decrease in volume; increase in pressure) - air flows out of the lungs

Question 30

What is the area at the back of the throat where the mouth and nasal cavity meet?

Answer 30

pharynx

Question 31

The trachea divides into these right and left branches?

Answer 31

bronchi

Question 32

Opening to the windpipe?

Answer 32

glottis

Question 33

Contains the vocal cords?

Answer 33

larynx

Question 34

Tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases between air and blood takes place?

Answer 34

alveoli

Question 35

Flat sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 35

diaphragm

Question 36

Inflammation of the lining of the bronchia tubes?

Answer 36

bronchitis

Question 37

Smaller branches of the bronchi?

Answer 37

bronchioles

Question 38

Flap of tissue which prevents food from entering windpipe during swallowing?

Answer 38

epiglottis

Question 39

Tube leading from larynx to bronchi?

Answer 39

trachea

Question 40

Blood vessels surrounding air sacs?

Answer 40

capillaries

Question 41

Moist membrance covering the lung and chest cavity wall of each side?

Answer 41

pleura

Question 42

Infection of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi?

Answer 42

pneumonia

Question 43

Bronchial spasm resulting in decreased air movement and air trapped in alveoli?

Answer 43

asthma