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Blood Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Plama composition

A

Plasma proteins, other solutes, water

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2
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory proteins

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3
Q

Other solutes

A

Electrolytes, organic nutrients, organic wastes

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4
Q

Albumins

A

Major contributors to osmotic pressure of plamsa and non specific transport of lipids

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5
Q

Globulins

A

Specific transport of specfic substances

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6
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Essential component of clotting system

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7
Q

Regulatory proteins

A

Enzymes and hormones

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8
Q

Organic nutrients

A

Lipids, cholesterol, carbs, and amino acids

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9
Q

Orgainic waste

A

Urea, uric acid, creatinine

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10
Q

Primary functions of plasma

A

Transportation of horomes, solutes and cells and exchange of nutrients and waste

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11
Q

Secondary functions of plasma

A

Immunity by carrying white blood cells, thermoregulation, coagulation, fluid volume balance and pH balance

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12
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC in a sample of whole blood

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13
Q

Calculated hematocrit

A

Analyzer counts number of RBCs and muliples by there average size. Increased accuracy

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14
Q

Normal hematocrit for males

A

39-50%

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15
Q

Normal hematocrit for females

A

35-45%

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16
Q

Low hematocrit

A

Anemia

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17
Q

High hematocrit with normal plasma

A

Polycythemia

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18
Q

High hematocrite with low plasma

A

Dehydration

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19
Q

Secondary polycythemia

A

A natural response to high altitude. Low oxy detected by JG cells in kidney. EPO is produced to make more RBCs

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20
Q

Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera)

A

Tumor in bone marrow producing too many RBCs

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21
Q

Formed elements

A

Plateltes, white blood cells, red blood cells

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22
Q

Red blood cells

A

Only living cells without a nucleous

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23
Q

What percent do RBCs make up of formed elements

A

99.9%

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24
Q

Why do RBCs have a biconcave disc?

A

Fold in half to get through small capillaries and to stack to get through blood vessels

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25
RBC production
Occurs in red bone marrow and requires amino acids, iron, and vit B12. EPO stimulates
26
RBC destruction
90% of RBCs go to macrophages in kidneys and get broken down into iron amino acids and heme. Heme gets converted into billirubin that goes to intestines and gets broken into urobilins and stercobilins that get excreted
27
Oxyhemoglobin
Heme group in oxygenated and 4 oxygen can bind
28
Deoxyhemoglobin
Found in pulmenary arteries
29
Carbsminohemoglobin
CO2 bound to it
30
HgbA
Adult hemoglobin
31
HgbA1c
Glucouse bound to it
32
HgbF
Fetus hemoglobin
33
HgbS
Abnormal hemoglobin
34
Bind to heme causes oxygen to fall of heme
CO2 (a waste product from cells) proton, 2,3 BPG
35
Sickle cell
One pair of nuecleotides messed up causes heme to be nonpolar and it becomes hydrophobic and it becomes stickly and clusters inside RBCs
36
Sickle cells only live about 10 days because
Heme is sickles which causes the membrane to be sickled which lowers oxygen binding
37
Sickle cells crisis
Blood cells become very stiff and cant fit through blood vessels and they form clots
38
Type AB blood
Take blood from anyone. There is no cross reaction because during transfusion only get cells not everything else
39
Type O
Give blood to anyone
40
Cross reaction
When antibodies match antigens and agglutination happens which causes hemolysis
41
White blood cell function
Immunity, removal of waste, toxins and damaged cells
42
Neutrophils
Most numerous WBC that attack and digest marked bacteria. Phagocytosis by taking in oxygen and riping the bacteria apart by electrons and lysosomes
43
Eosinophils
Attack and pahogcytose multicellular objects coated with antibodies
44
Basiphils
Least numerous WBC. Use histamin and heparin for inflamation and anticoagulant
45
Monocytes
Largest WBC. Enter CT and fuse together to form a syncytium to become macrophages and then phagocytosis
46
Lymphocytes
Closest in size to RBC. Three classes T cells, B cells and NK cells
47
T cells
Physically bind to bacteria and kill it
48
B cells
Secrete antibodies that bind to bacteria to mark for kill
49
NK cells
Natural killer cells. Circulate body testing sugars to make sure they are normal. Kill abnormal
50
Mutipotential hemotopoietic stem cell
Give rise to all blood cells
51
Leukopenia
Low WBC levels
52
Leukocytosis
Too many white blood cells
53
CBC count
Number of WBC, RBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit
54
Differetial WBC count
Relative number of WBCs
55
Platelets
Fragments of megakatyocytes that have a major role in stopping bleeding
56
Three steps in hemostasis
Vasoconstrict to reduce blood loss, formation of platelet plug by sticking and releasing chemical to recruit more platlets, and blood coagulation
57
Aspirin on blood clotting
Inhibits thromboxane to reducing clotting
58
Prostacyclin/NO
Inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy vessels
59
Creating fibers
Prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin that convets fibrinogen into fibrin that doesnt disolve in plasma and uses calcium to make cross linked fibrin
60
Stroke
Emboli break off from a thrombus and they get lodged in small capillaries that then blood blood to an area and low oxygen causes cell death
61
Clot shrinkage
By actin and myosin cause endothelial cells closer together and make more cells.
62
Clot dissolution
Tissue plasminogen activatior converts plasminogen to plasmin that digest finbrin and clot falls apart leaving blood vessel sealed
63
Hemophilla A
Protein mutation on tissue factor 8
64
Hemophilia B
Protein mutation on tissue factor 9
65
Anti coagulant "blood thinners"
Inhibit tissue factor 7 and prothrombin
66
Calcium chelation
Removes calcium from blood and blood cant clot

Physiology (6 decks)

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