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Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Diffuse system. Nothing is really connected to each other just patches of tissue all throughout the body

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2
Q

Pituitary gland (hypothysis)

A

Produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

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3
Q

What regulates pituitary gland?

A

Hormonal and neuronal control of the hypothalamus

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4
Q

Primary functional region of anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis

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5
Q

Primary functional region of posterior pituitary

A

Pars nervosa

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6
Q

Infundibulum

A

Pituitary stock

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7
Q

Anterior homones

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH

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8
Q

Posterior hormones

A

ADH, OT

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9
Q

Portal system for anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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10
Q

Somatotrophs secrete

A

Somatotropin (GH)

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11
Q

Somatotrophs inducer

A

Somatocrinin (GHRH)

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12
Q

Somatotrophs target

A

All body cells

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13
Q

Somatotrophs effect

A

Cell growth and division

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14
Q

Somatotrophs inhibitors

A

Somatistatin (GHIH) and IGFs

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15
Q

Mammotrophs secrete

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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16
Q

Mammotrophs inducer

A

Thyroid releasing hormone

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17
Q

Mammotrophs effect

A

Mammory gland development and lactation

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18
Q

Mammotrophs inhibitors

A

PIH (dopamine)

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19
Q

Dwarfism

A

Develops during childhood. Insuffcient production of GH from somatotrophs and IGF from liver

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20
Q

Gigantism

A

Develops during childhood overproduction and secretion of GH and IGF

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21
Q

Acromegaly

A

Developes after puberty where growth plates fuse and still overproduction of GH and IGF so bones grow wide

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22
Q

Corticotrophs secrete

A

ACTH

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23
Q

Corticotrophs inducer

A

CRH

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24
Q

Corticotrophs target

A

Adrenal cortex

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25
Corticotrophs effect
Cortisol release
26
Corticotrophs inhibitor
Cortisol
27
Thyrotrophs secrete
Thyroid stimulation horome (TSH)
28
Thyrotrophs target
Thyroid gland
29
Thyrotrophs effect
T3/T4 release
30
Thyrotrophs inhibitors
T3/T4
31
Gonadotrophs secrete
FSH and LH
32
Gonadotrophs inducer
GnRH
33
Gonadotphs inhibited by
Ovarian and testicular hormones
34
FSH simulates
Ovarian follicular development and sperm production
35
LH stimulates
Ovulation and testosterone production
36
Neurohypophysis
Not a true endorine tissue. Contains axons of hypothalamuc neurons that have herring bodies to store ADH and OT
37
Supraoptic neurons
Carry ADH
38
Peracentricular neurons
Carry OT
39
ADH inducer
Increased solute consintration
40
ADH targets
Kidney collection ducts
41
ADH effects
Water reabsorption and urine consintration
42
ADH inhibitors
Decreased solute consintration and alcohol
43
OT inducers
Infant nursing and infant crying
44
OT targets
Uterus and breast
45
OT effects
Uterine contractions and milk let down
46
OT inhibitors
Stress and catecholamines
47
Milk let down
Baby suckling send signal to brain to release OT that goes to the beast and OT causes milk gland to constrict which pushes milk into the duct and out to the baby
48
Neurohypophysis
Not a true endorine tissue. Contains axons of hypothalamuc neurons that have herring bodies to store ADH and OT
49
Solute consintration high
Osmo receptors tell supraoptix nurons to fire and ADH is released and that tells kidneys to reabsorb water and dilutes ECF
50
Thyroid gland
Secrets T3/T4 which cause growth development and metabolism and it also secrets calcitonin to decrease blood calcium levels
51
Hypothyroidism
Causes hypo to release TRH and Anterior releases TSH that bind to follicular cells and release T3 T4
52
Graves disease
Autoimmune disease that produces anti bodies that act like TSH and causes TSH to be low but still high T3 T4
53
Hypothyroidism disease
Cause goiter, poor mental health and physical function, decrease cold resistance, impaired cognitive development in children
54
Hashimotos thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism. WBCs attacj fillicular cells and kill them
55
Cretinism
In children because of lack of iodine in the soil
56
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter and exophthalmos, wasting, nervousness, increase heat production and tachycardia
57
Parathyroid glands
Cheif cells produce PTH to increase blood calcium. Target cells in bone to case bone break down and kidnegs to form calcitriol
58
Increase blood calcium
PTH is secreted to increase bone resorption, kidney calcium reabsorbtion, and kidney make vitamin D
59
Increase OPG/RANKL ratio
Estrogen, androgens, and pulsatile PTC
60
Decrease OPG/RANKL ratio
Calcitriol and cortisol
61
Calcitonin secreted from thyroid and busphisphonates
Directly inhibit osteoclast
62
Adernal gland
On top of kidneys. Produce corticosteriods regulated by ACTH
63
Z. Glimerulosa
Needs ACTH and angiotensin II to produce aldosterone
64
Aldosterone
Salt and water balance
65
All hormone made from
Cholesterol
66
Z. Fasiculata
Cortisol
67
Cotisol
Anti inflamator and stress hormone. Inhibits insulin production on muscle and fat to moblize nutrients into the blood stream
68
Z. Reticularis
DHEA and androstenedione
69
What regulates CRH?
Stress and circadian rhythms
70
Primary hypocortisolism
Problem with adrenal gland and cortisol levels are low
71
Secondary hypocortisolism
Problem in pituitary gland where CRH levels are normal or evelvated but ATCH and cortisol levels are low
72
Tertiary hyopcortisolism
Problem in hypothalmus CRH levels low
73
Hypocortisolism symptoms
Weak, tired, weight loss, hyperpigmentaion, hypotension and salt craving
74
Cushings syndrome
Natural cortosol levels are low but exhogenous are elevated
75
Cushings syndromes symptoms
Moon face, buffalo hump, obesity, hypertension, bone fragments
76
Islets of langerhans
Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells
77
Alpha cells
Glucagon moblize nutrients into blood
78
Beta cells
Insulin absorb nutrients into blood
79
Delta cells
Somatostatin (GHIH) inhibts glucagon and insulin
80
Type I diabetes
Insulin dependent, auto immune disease, low or nonexsistance levels insulin, targets beta cells or whole pancreaus
81
Type II diabetes
Target cells become resistant to insulin or beta cells dont produce enough, change in diet, drug, or occasionally insulin
82
Metformin
Stops liver releasing glucouse
83
Bytetta and victoza
Stimulate beta cells
84
Glucose levels before meals
ADA 90-130 | ACE less than 110
85
Glucose levels after meals
ADA less than 180 | ACE less than 140
86
Hemoglobin A1c diabetes
6.5% and over

Physiology (6 decks)

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