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Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

End diastolic volume

A

Amount of blood left in the heart at the end of relaxation. 120ml

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2
Q

End systolic volume

A

Amount of blood left in the heart after contraction. 50ml

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3
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount pumped out per beat. EDV-ESV. 70ml

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4
Q

Heart failure

A

Chronic hypertenion

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5
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

When a person has hypertension resistance to flow is higher and the heart has to contract harder. The muscle grows and then the sarcomeres dont line up and the heart gets stiffer and contracts weaker. This causes less blood to be pumped out

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6
Q

Mitral valve prolaspe

A

Hernation or bulging of the AV valve into the left atrium

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7
Q

Atrial regurgitation

A

The seal of the left AV valve is compromised and blood can leak back into the atrium

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8
Q

Heart murmur

A

The hissing sound of blood leaking back into the atrium

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9
Q

Lubb noise

A

First heart sound. AV valve closing

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10
Q

Dupp

A

Second heart sound. Semi lunar valves close

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11
Q

If lusitropy (heart rate) is lower what happens to stroke volume?

A

It is greater

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12
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

Efficiency of the pump. SV/EDV.

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13
Q

Normal ejection fraction

A

Greater than or equal to 55%

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14
Q

Cardiac output equals

A

SV x HR

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15
Q

Heart rate is generated by

A

The SA node

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16
Q

Sympathetic does what to heart rate

A

Increases

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17
Q

Parasympathetic does what to heart rate?

A

Decreases

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18
Q

Upper limit for conduction through AV node

A

250 bpm

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19
Q

Heart rate 160-180 decrease CO because

A

The heart is beating so fast that it doesnt have time to relax fully which means not enough blood back to heart to pump back out

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20
Q

Why is there a delay through the AV node

A

So the atrium and ventricals dont contract at the same time

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21
Q

Ways to control SV

A

Increase sympathetic stimulation, increase intracellular calcium and increase contractility

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22
Q

Frank-Starling Law

A

The heart can intrinsically adjust its SV in response to changes in venous return

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23
Q

Preload

A

Blood returning to the heart

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24
Q

Ways to increase SV

A

Increase contractility and increase EDV

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25
Afterload
The pressure blood has to pump against; blood pumping against blood
26
Increase preload will do what?
Increase EDV to increase SV
27
Increase afterload will do what?
Increase EDV to decrese SV
28
Increase inotropy (contractility) will do what?
Decrease ESV to increase SV
29
Systolic pressure
Blood in CVS during contraction. The left ventrical is pushing out
30
Diastolic pressure
Blood in CVS during relax. Left ventrical relaxing
31
Pulse pressure
SP-DP
32
Mean Arteral Pressure
CO x TPR
33
MAP equation
2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
34
MAP value
70-110 good around 90
35
Ways to increase arterial blood pressure
Increase SV, increase HR, increase blood viscosity, decrease diameter of arteroiles
36
Increase norepi onto blood vessel
Vasoconstrict
37
Decrease norepi onto blood vessels
Vasodilate
38
Baroreceptors detects high blood pressure
Increase para on heart goes to SA node to decrease HR to decrease CO. Decrease symp goes to ateriolar smooth muscle to vadodilate decrease resistance
39
Baroreceptors detect low MAP
Decrease para goes to SA node increase CO. Increase symp to arterioles and veins to vasoconstrict increase resistance
40
Chemoreceptors detect too much CO2
Increase heart rate and blood pressure by increase symp to heart and blood vessels and decrease para
41
Distribution vessels
Aorta and large arteries
42
Resistance vessels
Regulating flow are small arteries and mostly arterioles
43
Exchange vessels
Moving nutrients and waste are capillaries
44
Capacitance vessels
Hold a lot of blood so that most of the blood is in the venous system. Venules, veins and vena cava
45
Medium sized veins
Have one way check valves to help move blood up
46
Aorta
Has elastic fibers to push blood
47
Arterial blood flow
Blood is sent into the aorta and elastic fibers strech and as they recoil the send blood forward into the rest of the circulatory system
48
Vasodilators
Decreased sympathetic tone
49
Vasoconstrictors
Angiotension II, antidiuretic hormone, epi and norepi
50
Shear stress
Is when blood moves parallel in the vessel. It then activates different proteins
51
How does shear stress help improve vascular health
Decrease blood pressure and decrease atherogenesis
52
Blood viscosity greater than 58%
Increases resistance
53
Formation of atherosclerosis
Ldl levels are high and cholesterol build up in connective tissue. This causes a immune response and cells rupture into the walls. Then a clot forms
54
What does the lymph system do?
Takes up excess fluid to drain
55
Arterioles
Major ristance vessels that are endotheium and smooth muscles. They direct and redistribute blood flow and help regulate MAP
56
Vasa vasorum
The blood vessels for blood vessels
57
Continuous Capillary
Very tight junctions to keep things out, found in muscles neural and connective tissue
58
Fenestrated Capillaries
Large pores allow high volumes of fluid to pass through. Found in kidneys to help filter blood and intestines
59
Sinusoidal Capillaries
Have huge gaps to allow blood cells and plasma proteins to enter blood. Found in bone marrow liver and spleen
60
Arteriovenous shunts
Shunts blood right from an atery to a vein bypassing capillary bed. Thermoregulation and erection
61
Starling forces
Capillary hydrostatic pressure, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure, cap oncotic pressure, interstitial fluid oncotic pressure
62
Pc
Capillary hydrostatic pressure. Blood pressure. 37 at arterial end and 17 at venous end
63
Pif
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure. Pushing fluid in. 1 all the way through
64
(PI)p
Capillary oncotic pressure. Proteins in the blood drawing water in. 25 all the way
65
(PI)if
Interstital fluid oncotic pressure. Solutes in ICF drawing water out. 0 all the way
66
Arterial end of capillary
11 mmHg filtration out
67
Venous end of capillary
-9 mmHg reabsorbtion in
68
Where does the lymph system drain?
Into subclavians
69
Edema
Immune response for natural healing
70
Lymphedema
Block in lymph vessel causing fluid to not be able to drain
71
Kwashiorkor
Build up of fluid in peritneal cavity because not enough protien in diet
72
Ascites
Alcoholism causes the liver to be damages and it cant produce albium so fluid builds up in stomach
73
2/3 of blood volume is where?
In venous system
74
Venous return happens because
Pressure gradient, inspiration, venocinstriction, and the SMP
75
Venoconstriction for venous return
Help maintain preload by drawing blood back to heart
76
Skeletal muscle pump
While moving the muscles squish together and squish the vein moving blood along

Physiology (6 decks)

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