Renal Physiology

Question 1

Nephron

Answer 1

Smallest structural functionl unit of kidney

Question 2

Cortical nephrons

Answer 2

80% entirally in cortext filters blood

Question 3

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 3

Shifted towards medulla concentrate medulla with solute

Question 4

Renal vasculature

Answer 4

Afferent arteriole, glamerous to filter (fenistrated caps), efferent arterirol, peritubular caps or vasa recta

Question 5

Efferent ateriole with peritubular caps

Answer 5

Wrap around nephron to reabsorb good stuff

Question 6

Reabsorption

Answer 6

Fluid into blood vessel

Question 7

Secretion

Answer 7

From blood vessel

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

Hydrostatic pressure drives water and solutes across glomerular filtration membrane and into bowmans space

Question 9

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

Reabsorb good stuff 100% efficient

Question 10

Descending limb

Answer 10

Reabsorb water

Question 11

Ascending limb

Answer 11

Salt symporters for salt reabsorbtion into medulla

Question 12

Distal convoluted tubual

Answer 12

Secretion

Question 13

Collecting duct

Answer 13

Reabsorb water if ADH is present. ADH puts aquporins in CD to create a pathway for water to leave

Question 14

Glomerular filtration mebrane

Answer 14

Podicytes are finger like projections to enhance filtration form pedicels to wrap around blood vessels

Question 15

Glomerular filtration pressure

Answer 15

16 mmHg forcing fluid into PCT (glomerular hydrostatic pressure+cap osmotic pressure)-(glomerular osmotic pressure+cap hydroststic pressure)

Question 16

Hemodialysis

Answer 16

Artificial kidney that takes blood frim artery passes it through dialysis solution tk filter blood and back into veins

Question 17

PCT reabsorbs sodium and water by

Answer 17

Primary active transport of sodium and urea and water and secondary active transport by SGLTs that bring in glucose, amino acids, and vitamins

Question 18

Caffine and theophylline work on PCT

Answer 18

By causing diuresis by enhancing sodium and water excretion

Question 19

Loop of henle

Answer 19

Has Na/K pump bringing K in to use NKCC2 to bring in K Cl and Na and K/Cl symportor to leave K and CL leaving Na and Cl in ECF causing salt

Question 20

Loop diuretics

Answer 20

Inhibit NKCC2 in TAL so there is no gradiant and salt stays in urine. For edema and high blood pressure

Question 21

Use DCT to lower blood pressure

Answer 21

Give thiazides to inhibit Na/Cl symportor

Question 22

Renin andiotensis aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer 22

Low blood pressure understreches afferent arteriole which causes JG cells to produce renin which converts angiotensinogen into agiotensin I and ACE convets into II to constrict arterioles, increase aldosterone secretion, increase thirst, increase ADH, increase sympa

Question 23

Angiotensinogen

Answer 23

A zymogen that is always circulating

Question 24

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers

Answer 24

Treat hypertenion and lowe blood pressure