Blood

Question 1

Plasma minus its clotting proteins is termed _________ .

Answer 1

SERUM

Question 2

________ is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot that helps to bring the edges of a damaged vessel closer together.

Answer 2

clot retraction

Question 3

Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure. t/f

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most numerous white blood cells in a differential white blood cell count of a healthy individual are the neutrophils. t/f

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which of the following are not required for clot formation? (1) vitamin K, (2) calcium, (3) prostacyclin, (4) plasmin, (5) fibrinogen.

Answer 5

3 and 4

Question 6

Place the steps involved in hemostasis in the correct order. (1) conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, (2) conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, (3) adhesion and aggregation of platelets on damaged vessel, (4) prothrombinase formed by extrinsic or intrinsic pathway, (5) reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm.

Answer 6

5, 3, 4, 2, 1

Question 7

Which of the following statements explain why red blood cells (RBCs) are highly specialized for oxygen transport? (1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. (3) RBCs have many mitochondria and thus generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.

Answer 7

1, 2, 4, and 5
(1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. ( 3) RBCs DO NOT have many mitochondria and thus DO NOT generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.

Question 8

Which of the following are true? (1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is an increase in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.

Answer 8

1, 2, 3, and 4
(1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is a DEcrease in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.

Question 9

A person with type A Rh2 blood can receive a blood transfusion from which of the following types?
(1) A Rh+, (2) B Rh − , (3) AB Rh − , (4) O Rh − , (5) A Rh − .

Answer 9

4 and 5

Question 10

A person with type B positive blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive blood. What will happen?

Answer 10

The recipient’s antibodies will react with the donor’s red blood cells.

Question 11

What happens to the iron (Fe 3+) that is released during the breakdown of damaged red blood cells?

Answer 11

It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in hemoglobin synthesis.

Question 12

contain hemoglobin and function in gas transport

Answer 12

red blood cells

Question 13

cell fragments enclosed by a piece of the cell membrane of megakaryocytes; contain clotting factors

Answer 13

platelets

Question 14

individual forms of progenitor cells; named on the basis of the mature elements in blood they will ultimately produce

Answer 14

colony-forming units

Question 15

White blood cell showing a kidney-shaped nucleus; capable of phagocytosis

Answer 15

monocytes

Question 16

monocytes that roam the tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation

Answer 16

wandering macrophages

Question 17

occur as B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells

Answer 17

lymphocytes

Question 18

give rise to red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets

Answer 18

myeloid stem cells

Question 19

combat the effects of histamine and other mediators of inflammation in allergic reactions; also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes

Answer 19

eosinophils

Question 20

respond to tissue destruction by bacteria; release lysozyme, strong oxidants, and defensins

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

older neutrophils with several differently shaped nuclear lobes

Answer 21

polymorphs

Question 22

released from the red bone marrow, they develop into mature red blood cells

Answer 22

reticulocytes

Question 23

give rise to lymphocytes

Answer 23

lymphoid stem cells

Question 24

cells no longer capable of replenishing themselves; can only give rise to more specific formed elements of blood

Answer 24

progenitor cells

Question 25

hormone that stimulates formation of platelets

Answer 25

THROMBOPOEITIN

Question 26

monocytes that leave the blood and reside in a particular tissue such as alveolar macrophages in the lungs

Answer 26

fixed macrophages

Question 27

involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions; are involved in hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 27

basophils

Question 28

stimulate white blood cell formation

Answer 28

cytokines

Question 29

cells that give rise to all the formed elements of blood; derived from mesenchyme

Answer 29

pluripotent stem cells

Question 30

hormone that increases the numbers of red blood cell precursors

Answer 30

erythropoietin

Question 31

tissue protein that leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase

Answer 31

THROMBOPLASTIN

Question 32

an anticoagulant

Answer 32

HEPARIN

Question 33

platelet hormone that stim-ulates repair of damaged vessel walls

Answer 33

platelet-derived growth factor

Question 34

its formation is initiated by either the extrinsic or intrin-sic pathway or both; catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 34

prothrombinase

Question 35

glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surfaces of red blood cells that can act as antigens

Answer 35

agglutinogens

Question 36

forms the threads of a clot; produced from fibrinogen

Answer 36

fibrin

Question 37

can dissolve a clot by digesting fibrin threads

Answer 37

plasmin

Question 38

serves as the catalyst to form fibrin; formed from prothrombin

Answer 38

thrombin

Question 39

percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells

Answer 39

hematocrit

Question 40

percentage of each type of white blood cell

Answer 40

differential white blood cell count

Question 41

measures numbers of RBCs, WBCs, platelets per μl of blood; hematocrit, and differential WBC count

Answer 41

complete blood count

Question 42

measures the rate of erythropoiesis

Answer 42

reticulocyte count

Question 43

withdrawal of blood from a vein using a needle and collecting tube

Answer 43

venipuncture

Question 44

withdrawal of a small amount of red bone marrow with a fine needle and syringe

Answer 44

bone marrow aspiration

Question 45

removal of a core of red bone marrow with a large needle

Answer 45

bone marrow biopsy

Question 46

The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of a. the ejected nuclei of red blood cells b. gamma globulins c. ruptured red blood cells whose hemoglobin has sunk to the bottom d. white blood cells and platelets

Answer 46

d. white blood cells and platelets

Question 47

2. _____ The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are a. neutrophils c. erythrocytes b. lymphocytes d. thrombocytes e. plasma proteins

Answer 47

thrombocytes

Question 48

3. _____ Type AB blood contains a. only antibody a c. neither antibody A nor B b. only antibody b d. both antibody A and B

Answer 48

c. neither antibody A nor B

Question 49

Marker Molecules on RBC

Answer 49

ANTIGENS

Question 50

Protien in plasma protein, assists in blood typing

Answer 50

antibodies

Question 51

The clumping of blood- can help when determining blood typing

Answer 51

agglutination

Question 52

The antigen in this group is the D antigen

Answer 52

RH system