Respiratory Chapter

Question 1

functions as a passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils.

Answer 1

pharynx

Question 2

site of external respiration

Answer 2

alveoli

Question 3

connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea; houses the vocal cords

Answer 3

larynx

Question 4

serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

Answer 4

pleura

Question 5

functions in warming, moistening, and filtering air; receives olfactory stimuli; is a resonating chamber for sound

Answer 5

nose

Question 6

simple squamous epithelial cells that form a continuous lining of the alveolar wall; sites of gas exchange

Answer 6

type 1 alveolar cells

Question 7

forms anterior wall of the larynx

Answer 7

thyroid cartilage

Question 8

a tubular passageway for air connecting the larynx to the bronchi

Answer 8

trachea

Question 9

secrete alveolar fluid and surfactant

Answer 9

type II alveolar cells

Question 10

forms inferior wall of larynx; landmark for tracheotomy

Answer 10

cricoid cartilage

Question 11

prevents food or fluid from entering the airways

Answer 11

epiglottis

Question 12

air passageways entering the lungs

Answer 12

bronchi

Question 13

ridge covered by a sensitive mucous membrane; irritation triggers cough reflex.

Answer 13

carina

Question 14

Match the following types of breathing: deficiency of oxygen at the tissue level

Answer 14

hypoxia

Question 15

Match the following types of breathing; above-normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Answer 15

hypercapnia

Question 16

Match the following types of breathing; normal quiet breathing

Answer 16

eupnea

Question 17

Match the following types of breathing; deep, abdominal breathing

Answer 17

diaphragmatic breathing

Question 18

Match the following types of breathing; the ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded

Answer 18

compliance

Question 19

Match the following types of breathing: hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction to divert pulmonary blood from poorly ventilated to well-ventilated regions of the lungs

Answer 19

ventilation-perfusion coupling

Question 20

Match the following types of breathing; absence of breathing

Answer 20

apnea

Question 21

Match the following types of breathing: rapid and deep breathing

Answer 21

hyperventilation

Question 22

Match the following types of breathing: shallow, chest breathing

Answer 22

costal breathing

Question 23

total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute

Answer 23

minute ventilation

Question 24

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

Answer 24

vital capacity

Question 25

additional amount of air inhaled beyond tidal volume when taking a very deep breath

Answer 25

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Question 26

residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

functional residual volume

Question 27

amount of air remaining in lungs after expiratory reserve volume is expelled

Answer 27

residual volume

Question 28

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

inspiratory capacity

Question 29

vital capacity + residual volume

Answer 29

total lung capacity

Question 30

volume of air in one breath

Answer 30

tidal volume

Question 31

amount of air exhaled in forced exhalation

Answer 31

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 32

provides a medical and legal tool for determining if a baby was born dead or died after birth

Answer 32

minimal volume

Question 33

prevents excessive inflation of the lungs

Answer 33

pneumotaxic area

Question 34

The lower the amount of oxyhemoglobin, the higher the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood

Answer 34

Haldane effect

Question 35

controls the basic rhythm of respiration

Answer 35

medullary rhythmicity area

Question 36

active during normal inhalation; sends nerve impulses to external intercostals and diaphragm

Answer 36

inspiratory area

Question 37

sends stimulatory impulses to the inspiratory area that activate it and prolong inhalation

Answer 37

apneustic area

Question 38

as acidity increases, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases and oxygen dissociates more readily from hemoglobin; shifts oxygen-dissociation curve to the right.

Answer 38

Bohr effect

Question 39

active during forceful exhalation

Answer 39

expiratory area

Question 40

pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container

Answer 40

Boyle's law

Question 41

transmits inhibitory impulses to turn off the inspiratory area before the lungs become too full of air

Answer 41

pneumotaxic area

Question 42

the quantity of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility

Answer 42

Henry's law

Question 43

relates to the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases whereby each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present

Answer 43

Dalton's law

Question 44

prevents excessive inflation of the lungs

Answer 44

Hering–Breuer inflation reflex