Blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 1

The mammalian blood vessels consists of?

Answer 1

• Major arteries
• Arterioles
• Capillaries
• Veins

Question 2

The arteries are divided into:

Answer 2

• Elastic arteries
• Muscular arteries
• Arterioles
• Capillary.

Question 3

Elastic arteries include?

Answer 3

• Pulmonary trunk
• Aorta
major branches of the aorta and pulmonary trunk
• Brachiocephalic,
• Common carotid,
• Subclavian, and
• Common iliac arteries

Question 4

Walls of the elastic arteries are primarily composed of:

Answer 4

Elastic connectivetissue fibres that provide resilience and flexibility during blood flow.

Question 5

Mention the three coats of the walls of elastic arteries

Answer 5

• Tonica intima: the innermost layer that consist of endothelial lining and subendothelial connective tissue.

• Tonica media: the middle layer that consist of mainly elastic fibers

Tonica adventitia: the outer-most layer that contains mainly collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 6

………… seperates tunica intima from tunica media

Answer 6

Internal elastic lamina

Question 7

Vasa vasora are present in ……………

Answer 7

Tonica adventitia

Question 8

………… separates tunica media from tunica adventitia

Answer 8

External elastic lamina

Question 9

What are the features of the muscular artery

Answer 9

• Wall contains much smooth muscle

• It is relatively narrow and has non-collapsing lumen

• The tonica intima contains a single layer of endothelial cells and thin elastic connective tissue membrane

• The middle coat called tonica medial contains mainly smooth muscle fibers and little elastic fibers, collagen fibers.

• The outer layer called tonica adventia is made up of areola connective tissue

• The outer layer contains vasa vasorum.

Question 10

…………… are the smallest branches of the arterial system?

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

The walls of arteriolar consist of ……………. layers of smooth muscle fibres

Answer 11

1-5

Question 12

Arterioles have a diameter of …………….

Answer 12

100-500mm

Question 13

The internal elastic lamina is absent in arteriole. True or false

Answer 13

True

Question 14

…………….. are the smallest blood vessels.

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

The average diameter of capillaries is = ?

Answer 15

8 μm

Question 16

Mention the three types of capillaries

Answer 16

• Continuous capillaries
• Fenestrated capillaries
• Sinusoids

Question 17

What is the essence of the structural variations in capillaries?

Answer 17

Allows for different types of metabolic exchange between blood and the surrounding tissues.

Question 18

What’s the distribution of continuous capillaries?

Answer 18

They are found in
• Muscle
• Connective tissue
• Nervous tissue
• Skin
• Respiratory organs
• Exocrine glands

Question 19

Describe the continuous capillaries

Answer 19

Continuous capillaries are the most common. In these capillaries, the endothelial cells are joined and form an uninterrupted solid endothelial lining.

Question 20

Fenestrated capillaries are characterized by ……………………

Answer 20

large openings in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells

Question 21

What is the function of the large openings found in fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 21

They are designed for a rapid exchange of molecules between blood and tissues

Question 22

What is the function of the large openings in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 22

They are designed for a rapid exchange of molecules between blood and tissues

Question 23

Fenestrated capillaries are found in;

Answer 23

• Small intestine
• Kidney glomeruli
• Endocrine tissues and glands

Question 24

Describe sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 24

Sinusoidal capillaries are blood vessels that exhibit irregular and tortuous (convoluted) paths.
Sinusoidal capillaries exhibit wide diameters with wide gaps between endothelial cells.

Question 25

Where can sinusoidal capillaries be found?

Answer 25

• Liver
• Spleen
• And bone marrow.

Question 26

What is the nature of basement membrane in sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 26

Incomplete or absent

Question 27

Describe the three layers of the venous wall

Answer 27

• tunica intima is the inner layer that consists of endothelium and sub-endothelial connective tissue

• Tunica media is the middle layer. It is thin and smooth muscle intermixes with connective tissue fibres.

•Tunica adventitia is the thickest laver with longitudinal smooth muscle fibers. It is the outer layer.

Question 28

The lymphatic system consists of …………… and …………..

Answer 28

• Lymph capillaries
• Lymph vessels

Question 29

The lymphatic system starts as ……………… in the connective tissue of different organs.

Answer 29

blind-ending tubules or lymphatic capillaries

Question 30

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 30

They collect the excess interstitial fluid lymph from the tissues and return it to the venous blood via the large lymph vessels; thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Question 31

……………. Is the main vessel of the lymphatic system

Answer 31

Thoracic duct

Question 32

Name the large lymph vessels

Answer 32

• Thoracic duct
• Right lymphatic duct

Question 33

Why do lymph vessels contain more valves?

Answer 33

To prevent a backflow of collected lymph

Question 34

Lymph vessels are found in all tissues except:

Answer 34

• The central nervous system
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Bone marrow
• Thymus
• Placenta
• Teeth.