Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Epithelial Tissues (Prof. Anyanwu) > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissues (Prof. Anyanwu) Flashcards

1
Q

The nonliving portion of a tissue that supports cells is called …………………..

A

Extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mention the four major types of tissues

A
  • Epithelial: protection, secretion, absorption
  • Connective: support soft body parts and bind structures together
    – Muscle: for movement
    – Nervous: conducts impulses used to help control and coordinate body activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In one sentence, define epithelium.

A

An epithelium is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Outline 6 characteristics of epithelia

A

■ Composed of closely packed cells with little extracellular material between.

■ Adjacent epithelial cells are bound together by specialized contacts such as desmosomes and tight junctions.

■ Exhibits polarity by having an apical surface (free) and a basal surface (attached).

■ Supported by the underlying connective tissue.

■ Innervated but avascular.

■ Has a high regeneration capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

……………….. epithelium is common at sites of filteration, diffusion, osmosis.

A

Simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

……………. epithelium is common at sites of filtration, diffusion, osmosis; eg air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries, linings of blood and lymph vessels

A

Simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

…………………….epithelium is common at sites of filtration, diffusion, osmosis

A

Simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

……………… is referred to as germinal epithelium?

A

The simple cuboidal epithelium at the surface of the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

…………… epithelium is found in the secretory portion of many glands

A

Simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

……………… epithelium is found in thyroid, mammary, and salivary glands

A

Simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

……………… epithelium is found in the kidney tubules

A

Simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the nucleus of the cells of simple culumnar epithelium located?

A

Near the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

goblet cells secrete ………….

A

Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium function in ……………….and are found in ……………..

A

Simple columnar epithelium function in absorption of nutrients; secretion of mucus and enzymes and they are found in the digestive tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

……………….. epithelium contains cells of varying heights giving the false impression of the presence of many layers

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where can pseudostratified epithelium be found?

A

■ Along the linings of the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium is ciliated and includes goblet cells. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium is responsible for the ……………….. which protects the terminal airways and alveoli

A

“mucociliary elevator”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why does pseudostratified columnar epithelium give the false impression of the presence of many layers?

A
  • contains cells of varying heights
  • because nuclei are at 2 or more levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why is pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium not said to be stratified, despite its appearance?

A

Because all cells touch basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function in ……………….and are found in ……………..

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function in protection, secretion, movement of mucus and are found in the linings of the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main function of stratified epithelia?

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cells on the free surface of stratified squamous epithelium are ………………….. while the underlying cells are ………………..in shape

A

Squamous shaped on the surface
and the underlying cells are cuboidal/columnar in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium are found in ………………….

A

– Skin
– Mouth
– Esophagus
– Anal Canal
– Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

…………….epithelium are found in locations subject to friction or attrition

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

…………………epithelium is rare, found mostly in the ducts of some of the larger glands.

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

27
Q

What’s the distribution of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

– Sweat glands
– Developing ovarian follicles
– Lining of larger ducts of mammary glands
– Sweat glands
– Salivary glands
– Pancreas

28
Q

……………….epithelium is found in the pharynx, male urethra

A

Stratified columnar

29
Q

………………… epithelium forms the lining of the hollow organs of the urinary system that stretch as they fill

A

Transitional epithelium

30
Q

Transitional epithelium is found in …………………

A

renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, upper urethra

31
Q

…………. epithelium are stratified with dome shaped surface cells

A

Transitional epithelium

32
Q

What is the state of the of the transitional epithelium in the bladder:
a. When the bladder is full
b. When the bladder is empty

A

When the bladder is empty, the epithelium is at least 5-6 cells thick with rounded superficial cells that bulge into the lumen.

When the bladder is full of urine the epithelium is stretched, the epithelium is only 3-4 cells thick and the superficial cells become more squamous in appearance

33
Q

State two features of transitional epithelium

A

■ they can stretch
■ distensibility, protection

34
Q

The basal surface of epithelial cells rests upon a …………….. which anchors the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue ………………..

A

basal lamina, lamina propia

35
Q

What is the basal lamina

A

The basal lamina is an organized sheet of organic molecules including collagen, most of which are synthesized by the epithelial cells.

36
Q

basement membrane for a thicker structure composed of …………………

A

the basal lamina and reticular lamina

37
Q

The reticular lamina refers to?

A

A layer of anchoring reticular fibers attaching the basal lamina to the underlying connective tissue.

38
Q

Name the apical surface modifications

A

Microvilli
Cilia
Sterocillia

39
Q

What are microvilli?

A

fingerlike projections of plasma membrane extending from the apical surface of epithelial cells into a lumen to increase surface area for absorption.

40
Q

Under light microscopy, the microvilli form a striated apical border referred to as a ……………..

A

“brush border”

41
Q

Name two common locations of the microvilli

A

simple cuboidal cells of some renal tubules and
simple columnar cells of small intestine

42
Q

What are cilia?

A

Cylindrical structures on the apical surface of some epithelial cells that exhibit coordinated wavelike motion to propel a current of fluid or mucus in one direction over the epithelial surface.

43
Q

What are the common locations of cilia?

A

Respiratory epithelium, eg the surface of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the trachea
Fallopian tube

44
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

epithelial cells that produce and secrete large amounts of mucus
■ Commonly

45
Q

What’s a common location for goblet cells?

A

the simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestines
the pseudostratified epithelium that lines the respiratory tract

46
Q

Epithelial membrane = ?

A

Epithelium + underlying CT

47
Q

Mention the major types of epithelial membrane

A

1) Serous membranes

2) Mucous membranes .

3) Cutaneous membrane

48
Q

Where can serous membranes be found?

A

They line body cavities that do not open to the outside and also cover the organs within these cavities.

49
Q

The epithelium of serous membrane is called a …………..

A

“mesothelium”.

50
Q

……………….. epithelial membrane covers the surface of the body.

A

Cutaneous

51
Q

……………… epithelial membrane line the cavities and organs that open to the outside of the body.

A

Mucous

52
Q

……………. within the mucous membranes secrete the mucus

A

Goblet cells

53
Q

Epithelial cells that are specialised to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids are referred to as?

A

Glandular epithelium

54
Q

……………. are ductless glands

A

Endocrine glands

55
Q

………………. are sometimes classified as mucous secreting unicellular exocrine glands instead of being considered as intrinsic component of epithelial membranes

A

Goblet cells

56
Q

What are the components of exocrine glands?

A

Secrtory units
Ducts
Connective tissue that support the aforementioned components.

57
Q

What is a secretory unit?

A

A secretory unit is a group of secretory epithelial cells that release their secretion into a lumen, whereas a duct is an epitheIial lined tube that conveys the secretions from a secretory unit to an epithelial lined surface

58
Q

Outline the four ways through which exocrine glands can be classified.

A

Classification based on structure
-simple gland
-compound glan

Based on the secretory product of the exocrine gland
-Serous
-Mucous
-Seromucous/mixed

According to overall shape of their secretory unit
-tubular gland
-alveolar glands
-tubuloalveolar glands

Classification based on mechanism of secretion
-merocrine: fluid is released by exocytosis
-apocrine: small portion of cell is pinched off
-holocrine: cells fill with product and rupture

59
Q

Examples of merocrine gland include

A

salivary and pancreatic glands

60
Q

Classify mammary, and sebaceous glands on the basis of secretion mechanism

A

The mammary gland is an Apocrine gland
The sebaceous gland is a holocrine gland

61
Q

Classify sweat and pancreatic glands on the basis of their structure.

A

The sweat gland is a simple gland
The pancreatic gland is a compound gland

62
Q

Instead of releasing their secretion into ducts, endocrine glands discharge their secretions into ………..

A

The bloodstream

63
Q

Secretory cells of endocrine glands are grouped around ………………

A

wide fenestrated capillaries

64
Q

Why are the secretions of endocrine glands known as hormones?

A

because they elicit functional changes in target cells that they reach by way of the bloodstream

Histology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions