Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Protective and Glandular epithelium > Flashcards

Protective and Glandular epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Define epithelium

A

Epithelium is a tissue composed of cells tightly bound together structurally and functionally to form a sheetlike or tubular structure with little extracellular matrix that line cavities of organs and cover body surfaces( internal and external)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelium is functionally grouped into;

A
  • Protective
  • Secretory or glandular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the features of epithelial cells

A
  • Epithelial cells exhibit polarity
  • They have basal and apical poles
  • Poles differ in structure and function
  • The basal surface of epithelial cell rest on a basement membrane
  • Epithelial cells adhere strongly to neighboring cells and basal lamina
  • The apical poles of some epithelial cells exhibit specialization features such as microvilli, stereocilia, cilia
  • They have lateral surface modifications such as tight junctions,adherens junction,gap junction and desmosomes
  • Have basal surface modification, hemidesmosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

A
  • It is a semipermiable filter for substances reaching the cell from below.
  • Provides structural support for epithelium
  • Attaches epithelial cells to connective tissue
  • Helps to organize proteins in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells
  • Helps to maintain polarity
  • Aids in signal transduction
  • Scaffold for rapid epithelial repair and regeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of tight or occluding junctions?

A
  • Form a seal between adjacent cells
    • Ensures that molecules pass by transcellular paths
    • Restricts movement of membrane lipids and proteins between apical and lateral surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of adherens junction?

A
  • Enhances the function of the tight junction
  • Aids surface polarization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A
  • They mediate intercellular communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

…………… anchor cell-cell

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

…………. anchor cell-basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Features of the microvilli include;

A
  • They are cytoplasmic projections
    • Numerous in epithelia specialized for absorption
    • Average size,1microm long and 0.1microm wide
    • They increases total surface area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The microvilli, stereocilia, and cilia are collectively called ………..?

A

Apical surface modifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are stereocilia usually found?

A

male reproductive system and inner ear sensory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stereocilia and microvilli have similar functions; what are their structural differences

A

Stereocilia are longer, branching and less motile than microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of cilia include;

A
  • Usually larger than micrvilli
    • About 5-10microm long and 0.2microm wide
    • Exhibit rapid beating pattern
    • Moves fluid and suspended matter in one direction along the epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define squamous

A

a layer of epithelium that consists of very thin flattened cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stratified refers to …………

A

Two or more layers of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is pseudo-stratified epithelium?

A

“Pseudo” means fake.
Pseudo-stratified epithelium appears to be stratified, but is not.
They consist of cells with nuclei at different levels. All the cells may not reach the surface but they all adhere to the basal lamina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe keratinized epithelium briefly.

A

Keratinized epithelium has keratin deposited on the surface which makes it impermeable and dry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s a special feature of transitional epithelium?

A

They can undergo a change in their shape and structure

20
Q

The distributions of simple squamous epithelium include

A

Lining of vessels (endothelium)
Serous lining of cavities
Pericardium
Pleura
Peritoneum (mesothelium)

21
Q

The distributions of simple cuboidal epithelium include

A

Covering the ovary and thyroid

22
Q

The distributions of simple columnar epithelium include

A

Lining of intestine
Gallbladder

23
Q

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium is found in the ………….?

A

Epidermis

24
Q

The distributions of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium include

A

Mouth
Vagina
Anal canal
Larynx
Esophagus

25
Q

The distributions of stratified cuboidal epithelium include

A
  • Sweat glands
  • developing ovarian follicles
26
Q

The distributions of stratified transitional epithelium include;

A

-Bladder
-Uterus
-Renal calyces

27
Q

Where can stratified columnar epithelium be found;

A

Conjunctiva

28
Q

The distributions of pseudo-stratified epithelium include

A

Lining of the trachea
Bronchi
Nasal cavity

29
Q

Define glandular epithelia.

A

They are epithelial cells with principal function of producing and secreting various macromolecules.
They develop from covering epithelium

30
Q

Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine.

A

Exocrine maintains its connection with original epithelium (duct) while endocrine does not.

31
Q

Transport across epithelium occurs through?

A
  • Mostly by active transport via transcellular paths aided by ion pumps
  • Endocytosis
32
Q

Describe tubular and acinar secretory portions.

A

Tubular glands – these have secretory units that resemble a tube-like shape and are found in the uterus, alimentary tract and sweat glands.
Acinar (alveolar) glands – these have a more rounded secretory unit and are found in the breast

33
Q

What are compound glands?

A

They have branching ducts and multiple types of secretory portions

34
Q

Classify glands according to their secretion mechanism.

A

Merocrine glands are the most common and release their secretory products via exocytosis. The major secretory products of these glands are usually proteins.

Apocrine glands release their secretory products contained within membrane-bound vesicles. This type of secretion is rare and these glands are found in the breast and constitute some sweat glands.

Holocrine glands release whole secretory cells, which later disintegrate to release the secretory products. This type of secretion is seen in sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles.

35
Q

Define simple and compound glands, include examples

A

An unbranched duct is referred to as a simple gland, whereas a branched duct is known as a compound gland. An example of a simple gland is a sweat gland, whereas the pancreas is an example of a compound gland.

36
Q

Serous cells stain intensely with basophillic and acidophillic stains, how can mucous cells be distinguished?

A

Mucous cells are distinguished by PAS method

PAS (periodic-acid-Schiff) staining is used for detection of structures that contain high concentrations of carbohydrate macromolecules (eg. glycogen, glycoprotein, proteoglycan) typically found in connective tissue, mucus, and basal laminae.

37
Q

Classify exocrine glands into 3 subtypes according to their type of secretory product:

A

Serous glands produce serous fluid, a watery substance containing enzymes.

Mucous glands are involved in the production of mucus, a viscid (sticky) glycoprotein.

Mixed glands -seromucous- are comprised of both serous and mucous glands and secrete a mixed substance containing both serous fluid and mucus.`

38
Q

Glandular epithelia usually contain myoepithelial cell, what are their functions;

A

They function by aiding in the secretion of fluid from the gland and synthesize basement membrane elements such as fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, and nidogen

39
Q

What is the implication of the disruption of tight junction in the GI epithelia ?

A

Disruption of the tight junction in the gastrointestinal epithelia by activities of micro-organisms or toxins causes fluid loss and in some gastric ulcers

40
Q

What causes blistering diseases?

A

Abnormal desmosome junctions causes blistering diseases

41
Q

What disease is associated with the loss of the microvilli?

A

Celiac disease

42
Q

…………… is associated with male infertility due to cilia akinesia

A

Kartagener syndrome

43
Q

Metastasia in habitual smokers causes ……………..

A

Chronic bronchitis

44
Q

Bronchial pseudostratified ciliated epithelium becomes ……………….. in response to cigarette smoke

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

What happens to the stratified squamous epithelium of the oesophagus when it is exposed to persistent acid reflux?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium in the oesophagus becomes gastric epithelium when exposed to persistent acid reflux (Barrett’s oesophagus)

46
Q

All epithelia are highly vascularised. true or false

A

False

Histology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions