Nervous tissue

Question 1

…………. is the focal point for the outgrowth of neuronal processes?

Answer 1

Nerve cell body

Question 2

What is responsible for the amitotic nature of neurons?

Answer 2

Absence of centrioles

Question 3

Axons arise from a cone-shaped area …………..

Answer 3

Axon hillock

Question 4

Cytoskeleton of neuron is formed by ……………….

Answer 4

Microtubules and neurofilaments

Question 5

The cell body is also known as …………

Answer 5

Soma

Question 6

What are myelinated axons called in the CNS and PNS respectively?

Answer 6

Tracts in the CNS, and nerves in the PNS

Question 7

Name two types of neuronal processes

Answer 7

Axons and dendrites

Question 8

What are the two types of neuronal processes?

Answer 8

Axons and dendrites

Question 9

……………. are the receptive or input regions of the neuron

Answer 9

Dendrites

Question 10

Dendrites branch extensively from ………………

Answer 10

Dendritic tree

Question 11

The glial cell that produces the lipid sheath of peripheral neurones is ……………

Answer 11

Swann cell

Question 12

Cells of the nervous system that provide functional and structural support for the neurones are ………………

Answer 12

Glial cells

Question 13

Golgi complexes are present in dendrites, true or false??

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Axolemma refers to …………..

Answer 14

The plasma membrane of an axon

Question 15

Axon terminals are also referred to as ………………….

Answer 15

Terminal boutons

Question 16

Outline the two ways through which movement along an axon can occur

Answer 16

• Anterograde: toward the axon terminal
• Retrograde: toward the cell body

Question 17

What are the functions of axons?

Answer 17

• Generate and transmit action potential
• Secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals

Question 18

……………. neurons conduct impulses towards the CNS

Answer 18

Sensory, or afferent

Question 19

……………… carry impulses toward the body surface

Answer 19

Motor/efferent neurons

Question 20

What are Interneurons

Answer 20

any neurons between a sensory and a motor neuron

Question 21

What is a synapse?

Answer 21

A specialised region of contact between two neurons

Question 22

Nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to the other through …………….

Answer 22

Neurotransmitters

Question 23

3 varieties of synapses include …………..

Answer 23

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

Question 24

Name the three parts of synapses

Answer 24

Presynaptic part
Synaptic cleft
Postsynaptic part

Question 25

Myelin is produced by …………… in the CNS

Answer 25

Oligodendrocyte

Question 26

Supporting cells of the CNS are grouped together as ………

Answer 26

Neuroglia

Question 27

Name the types of neuroglia in the CNS

Answer 27

Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes

Question 28

The type of astrocyte in the grey matter is …………

Answer 28

Protoplasmic

Question 29

The white matter contains ………….. type of astrocytes

Answer 29

Fibrous

Question 30

What are the functions of microglia

Answer 30

They are spider-like phagocytes that dispose of debris like dead brain cells and bacteria

Question 31

A note on ependymal cells

Answer 31

They line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, and circulate the CSF by beating their cilia. They are arranged in a single layer, and could be ciliates cuboidal, or ciliated columnar in shape.

Question 32

Oligodendrocytes can be defined as?

Answer 32

Small round cells with few cytoplasmic processes. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath in the CNS.

Question 33

What are the functions of myelin?

Answer 33

- Fatty insulation covering nerve cells - They allow electrical signals transmit faster. They can be likened to wire coatings.

Question 34

Define an axon

Answer 34

The axon of a neuronenveloped by special ectodermal sheaths. A nerve is formed of a bundle of many nerve fibres, with their ectodermal sheaths.

Question 35

Mention the CT sheaths surrounding nerve fibres

Answer 35

Endoneurium – Surrounds the axon of an individual neurone. Perineurium – Surrounds a fascicle, which is a collection of neurones. Epineurium – Surrounds the entire nerve, which is formed by a collection of fascicles. It contains numerous small blood vessels, which supply the nerve fibres. Epineurium appears on the nerve as it exits the intervertebral foramen.

Question 36

Endoneurium is created by the fusion of ……………… layers of the meninges

Answer 36

Arachnoid and pia mater

Question 37

What is the effect of multiple sclerosis?

Answer 37

It affects the ability of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to communicate with each other.

Question 38

Multiple sclerosis is caused by …………..

Answer 38

The attack of the body’s own immune system on myelin; this leads to the damage of myelin.

Question 39

What is glioma?

Answer 39

Malignant tumour on the glial tissue of the nervous system.

Question 40

What is Medulloblastoma?

Answer 40

It is a malignant tumour of the CNS, it is mostly found in the cerebellum of children.

Question 41

What is schwannoma?

Answer 41

Schwannoma is a tumor that develops from Schwann cells in the PNS. They are usually benign.

Question 42

…………… insulate and support cells of ganglia

Answer 42

Satellite cells

Question 43

What’s the structural difference between the types of neuroglia?

Answer 43

They are both flattened cells, but satellite cells have prominent nucleus while Schwann cell have flattened nucleus.