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Pharmacology 2 > Blood Components > Flashcards

Blood Components Flashcards

1
Q

when are antigens formed on RBCs and platelets?

A

early in fetal life

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1
Q

what condition are ABO mismatches associated with?

A

acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

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2
Q

when are antibodies in the system formed? how are they stimulated?

A

after birth
non-immune stimulated

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3
Q

what is the most important blood group?

A

ABO

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4
Q

what is the second most important blood group?

A

Rh type

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5
Q

reflects the presence or absence of a single D antigen and is present only on RBCs

A

Rh

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6
Q

exposure to as little as 1 ml of Rh type cells can stimulate what?

A

antibody production

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7
Q

what are 4 things all donor blood must be tested for?

A

ABO group
Rh type
unexpected antibodies
infectious disease

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8
Q

test that detects immune coating of RBCs, used in transfusion reaction workup, autoimmune hemolytic anemia workup, and HDFN

A

direct antiglobulin test (DAT)

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9
Q

what should be assessed in pregnant women?

A

risk of HDFN (hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn)

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10
Q

type and screen + units crossed/held for a specific patient in case they need it

A

type & cross

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11
Q

what is the transfusion threshold/hemoglobin in a adult that is hemodynamically stable?

A

7 gm/dl

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12
Q

what is the transfusion threshold/hemoglobin in a adult that is undergoing orthopedic, cardiac surgery, or with pre-existing CV disease?

A

8 gm/dl

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13
Q

whole blood that is spinned down, removing most of the plasma in the unit

A

packed RBCs

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14
Q

what do PRBCs not have? (3)

A

platelets
WBCs
coagulation factors

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15
Q

maximizes O2 delivery without increasing volume, used for acute blood loss, trauma, surgery, intrauterine and exchange transfusion

A

PRBCs

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16
Q

which condition can be treated with PRBCs if it is not responding to other treatment?

A

symptomatic anemia

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17
Q

RBCs are only given with what?

A

normal saline

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18
Q

what must be compatible when using PRBCs?

A

ABO and Rh match

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19
Q

in using PRBCs, in which patients is Rh match especially important? (2)

A

children
women of child-bearing years

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20
Q

in an average sized individual, how does 1 unit of PRBCs increase HCT and Hgb?

A

increases HCT by 3%
increases Hgb by 1 gm/dl

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21
Q

decreases risk of sensitization to human leukocyte antigen, febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, and cytomegalovirus transmission

A

leukoreduced units

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22
Q

removes most of plasma in PRBCs

A

washed PRBCs

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23
Q

when do washed PRBCs become outdated?

A

24 hours once washed

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24
Q

neonates, intrauterine transfusions, IgA deficient patients, and patients with repeated allergic reactions should use which transfusion product?

A

washed PRBCs

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25
Q

what are the uses of frozen RBCs? (2)

A

store rare blood types
military stockpile

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26
Q

how long can frozen RBCs be stored? when do they become outdated?

A

stored up to 10 yrs
outdate 24 hours-14 days after being thawed

27
Q

decreases risk of transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease, used for immunocompromised patients

A

irradiated units

28
Q

exchange transfusion in neonates, often used in severe HDFN

A

pediatric aliquots

29
Q

contains all labile and stable coagulation factors, protein C and protein S - great for patients who need coagulation

A

fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

30
Q

in fresh frozen plasma, it must be _____ compatible, but _____ is not considered since it is only present on RBCs

A

ABO
Rh

31
Q

what is the shelf life of fresh frozen plasma once thawed?

A

24 hours

32
Q

frozen fresh plasma can reduce the effects of what medication?

A

warfarin

33
Q

made from FFP, contains fibrinogen, factor VIII, VW factor, and factor XIII

A

CRYO (cryoprecipitated anti-hemophilic factor)

34
Q

what is the shelf life of CRYO?

A

4 hours

35
Q

CRYO does not have to be _____ or ___ matched

A

ABO
Rh

36
Q

what is the primary use for CRYO?

A

hypofibrinogenemia (fibrinogen less than 100)
treats bleeding

37
Q

how long does CRYO work in a patient?

A

12 hours

38
Q

do platelets need to be ABO and Rh compatible?

A

yes

39
Q

what is the shelf life of platelets? how is it stored?

A

5 days
room temp

40
Q

all units of platelets are tested for what?
this decreases the risk of what?

A

bacterial contamination
decreases the risk of septic shock

41
Q

in which 2 cases are platelets NOT used?

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

42
Q

what occurs in a patient if they do not get the expected platelet increase? SAF-D

A

sepsis
active bleeding
fever
DIC

43
Q

antibody-mediated destruction that occurs when a patient becomes immune to the use of products

A

refractory

44
Q

what is required in a refractory situation?

A

HLA-matched platelets for future transfusions

45
Q

removes specific components and returns the remainder to the donor

A

apheresis

46
Q

how long does apheresis collection take?

A

1.5-3 hours

47
Q

when is apheresis used?

A

when we want to pick a specific product from the donor

48
Q

what are 3 situations when we would want cell depletions via apheresis?

A

leukemia with high WBCs
polycythemia vera
sickle cell complications

49
Q

what are 2 situations when we would want therapeutic plasma exchange?

A

remove autoantibodies
remove alloantibodies

50
Q

when is leukapheresis done? (2)

A

septic + not responding to antimicrobials

WBCs > 500,000

51
Q

used in place of manual bone marrow collections to obtain cells for transplant

A

peripheral blood stem cells

52
Q

what are peripheral blood stem cells used to treat? (2)

A

leukemia or lymphoma
inherited immune deficiencies

53
Q

what kind of blood products should patients receive, if they are getting peripheral blood stem cells?

A

irradiated blood

54
Q

colloid volume expander that draws extravascular fluid into intravascular flow

A

serum albumin

55
Q

is ABO and Rh match required for serum albumin?

A

no

56
Q

what product should be used in a shock, burn patient, early in massive transfusion, or replacement of fluid in therapeutic plasma exchanges?

A

serum albumin

57
Q

pooled human plasma that provides antibodies in congenital immunodeficiency, immune cytopenia, post-transplant, and graft vs host disease

A

intravenous immunoglobulin

58
Q

in which patients is intravenous immunoglobulin NOT indicated?

A

DIC patients

59
Q

given to pregnant Rh negative women with Rh positive fetus

A

Rh immune globulin

60
Q

what does Rh immune globulin prevent?

A

sensitization from fetal Rh positive cells

61
Q

at what point in time is Rh immune globulin given?

A

at week 28

postnatal within 72 hours

62
Q

in which 2 patients are Rh immune globulins given?

A

Rh negative women

children who are given Rh positive blood

63
Q

used for hemophilia A

A

factor VIII

64
Q

used in severe bleeding and counteracts warfarin effects

A

recombinant factor VII

65
Q

contains factor II, VII, IX, and X;
is vitamin K dependent

A

factor IX concentrate (prothrombin complex)

Pharmacology 2 (22 decks)

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