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Clinical Chem Snoopy style > Blood Gases/pH/Buffers > Flashcards

Blood Gases/pH/Buffers Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Describe Acids vs Bases when dissolved

A

acids can DONATE H when dissolved
Bases can ACCEPT H when dissolved

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2
Q

How much H is produced daily?

A

150g H

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3
Q

What is the RR to maintain Acid Base balance

A

36-44
pH 7.35-7.45

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4
Q

T/F: pH =-log (H)
What is one up or one down pH do?

A

true
decrease in 1 pH is TENFOLD of H

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5
Q

Define strength in regards to acid base

A

ability to dissasociate in water

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6
Q

Describe a buffer system

A

weak acid and salt of conjugate base
resists pH changes w addition of base or acid
depends on PKA/pH

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7
Q

What is the principle buffer of plasma

A

Bicarb/carb acid

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8
Q

Adding hydrogen to the bicarb/carb acid buffer shifts the reaction which way?

A

forwards towards the carb acid

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9
Q

What is the buffer in Urine

A

protein/phosphate buffers ICF

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10
Q

What does the henderson-hasselbach equation do

A

acid-base relationship
PKA is pH equalibrium

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11
Q

Regulation of buffers
CO2?

A

in the lungs/kidneys
CO2 (aerobic) metabolic process/easily diffuses

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12
Q

T/F Most CO2 is free and diffuses into RBCs +h2o which results in Carb acid

A

true

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13
Q

What is the relationship between CO2 and H?

A

CO2 reduced/too alkaline Decreases H concentration

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14
Q

Increased Plasma does what to Na-H exchange and HCO3?

Decreased Plasma does what to Na-H exchange and HCO3?

A

Increased plasma decreases Na-H exchange and Dec HCO3

Decreased plasma Increases Na-H and increases HCO3

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15
Q

Other major functions of buffers include

What is the minimum urine pH? What does this limit

A

excreting H ions 50-100 acid excretion by kidney

Minimum pH of urine 4.6, limits free H excretion

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16
Q

What is the bicarb buff system?

A

dissolved CO2 is at equalibrium w CO2 in lungs, hyper/hypo ventilation

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17
Q

What controls bicarb concentration by excretion, prime with what?

A

Kidneys, prime with ammonium ions

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18
Q

What is the respiratory compensation mechanism?

A

O2 expelled

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19
Q

T/F: metabolic involves how kidney’s control excretion/absorption

A

True

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20
Q

What are acid base disorders?
What is acidosis caused by?

A

acidosis/alkalosis
<pH RR= acidemia/acidosis
Acidosis caused by primary metabolic/respiratory imbalance

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21
Q

What does acid and bicarb look like in primary metabolisis?
What is the compensation mech?

A

> acid <bicarb
compensation w Hyperventalation

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22
Q

> pH = what acid base disorder
What is the primary response

A

alkalemia/alkalosis
Primary respiratory decreased CO2
Kidney removes bicarb in urine

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23
Q

Describe
-Osis
-emia
-Acidemia
-alkelemia

Study These Flashcards
A

-osis - process in body
-emia - corresponds to state in body
- acidemia - H conc increased with increased PCO2/decreased Bicarb
-Alkelemia - decreased H Decreased PCO2 increased Bicarb

24
Q

T/F: kidney is slower at resolving acid base disorders but does a better job

25
T/F: primary respiratory alk/acidosis is a change in PCO2
TRUE
26
T/F metabolic acidosis/alk bicarb levels/renal met
true
27
What is compensation
response to maintain acid-base equalibrium by organ not associated w primary process
28
What does fully compensated mean
pH has returned to normal and ratio is 20:1
29
What does partially compensated mean
pH is approaching normal
30
What does uncompensated mean
pH is abnormal and body has not compensated yet
31
Describe metabolic acidosis compensation of overdose excess reduced what is lost
compensation with Hyperventilation overdose of acid substance excess acidic ketones reduced H ions bicarb loss
32
Describe Respiratory Acidosis compensation decreased ineffective decreased compensation is
Hypoventilation decreased PCO2 ineffective removal of CO2 decreased cardiac output Compensation is slow/kidney response low pH
33
Describe Metabolic Alkalosis increased what excessive prolonged increased use of hypo...
increased bicarb/pH excessive vomit of stomach acid prolonged direutics increased antiacids hypokalemia
34
Describe respiratory alkalosis
increased lung ventilation too much CO2 loss high altitudes anxiety aspirin overdose pulmonary embolism
35
What does H, pH, HCO3 look like in Metabolic acidosis what is the compensation
H increased pH decreased HCO3 decreased PC02 decreased hyperventilation
36
What does H, pH, HCO3 look like in Metabolic alkalosis
H decreased pH increased HCO3 increased PCO2 increased Hypoventilation
37
What does H, pH, HCO3 look like in Respiratory acidosis
increase H decrease pH Increased PCO2 increased HCO3
38
What does H, pH, HCO3 look like in Respiratory Alkalosis
decreased H increased pH Decreased PCO2 Decreased HCO3
39
What is the total pressures of O,N,CO2
O 21% N 78% CO2 .03%
40
What is the Trach pO2 and PCO2
PO2 149 PCO2 .2
41
Alveolar PO2 PCO2
PO2 100 PCO2 36
42
Artery PO2 PCO2
PO2 90 PCO2 40
43
Tissue PO2 PCO2
PO2 20 PCO2 60
44
Venous PO2 PCO2
PO2 40 PCO2 46
45
Factors that influence O2 to the alveolar
destruction of alveoli pulmonary edema airway blockage
46
Factors that influence O2 to the tissues
blood supply diff of CO2/O2 Intrapulmonary shunty anemia
47
Oxy transports have 4 forms O2HB HHB COHB METHB
O2HB - ferrous HHB - hgb-hgb w/o O2 COHB - CO2 METHB - oxidized
48
Pt oxygen status is dependent on 4 parameters, explain them
oxy saturation (SO2) Fractional Oxy/hgb (FO2HB) Trends in oxygen sat by TC/SpO2 O2 dissolved in plasma (pO2)
49
What are the only indicies of gas exchange
PO2/PCO2
50
T/F: hgb is both acid-base and o2 buffer Tissues increased O2 Lungs Increased CO2
T hgb is both acid-base and o2 buffer Tissues increased CO2 Lungs increased O2
51
Explain Blood gas analyzers
pH, PO2, PCO2 amperometric automatic QC
52
Explain measurement of PO2
clarke electrodes error: build up of protein membrane delay in fasting
53
T/F: spectrophotmetric determiniation of O2 saturation is Co-oxemitry and has 4 wave lengths, what are the wave lengths
true HHB, O2HB, COHB, METHB
54
T/F: sensors can be thick/thin/macro and calibrations must be done a lot
ture
55
+ base excess means ---- - Base deficit -----
+ base excess -- metabolic alkalosis - base deficit -- metabolic acidosis

Clinical Chem Snoopy style (8 decks)

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