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Anatomy and Physiology II > BLOOD LAB > Flashcards

BLOOD LAB Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of whole blood?

A

transports respiratory gases, delivery of nutrients and hormones, regulation of pH and body temperature, and protection

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2
Q

What makes up whole blood?

A

plasma and the formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)

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3
Q

What does whole blood protect you against?

A

it protects you against infection and prevents blood loss

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4
Q

What are leukocytes responsible for?

A

they are responsible for protection against infection

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5
Q

What are platelets responsible for?

A

they are involved in the clotting mechanism at the site of injury

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6
Q

What percentage of blood loss can result in shock and even death?

A

30% of blood volume loss

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7
Q

When are blood transfusions necessary?

A

when the blood loss exceeds the bodies ability to compensate for the lost blood

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8
Q

True or False: giving someone the wrong blood type isn’t fatal

A

false; someone can die if given an incompatible blood during the transfusion

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9
Q

What are the identification markers of erythrocytes?

A

they are marked by antigens

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10
Q

What forms can antigens take?

A

antigens can be certain proteins, glycoproteins, or glycolipids that are associated with the surface of an erythrocyte

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11
Q

Why are antigens significant?

A

they have the ability to evoke an immune response when encountering a non-compatible blood type

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12
Q

What do antigens combine with in order to form an immune response?

A

they combine with antibodies

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13
Q

What type of antigens do people with “a” blood have?

A

the “a” antigen

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14
Q

What type of antigens do people with “ab” blood have?

A

both “a” and “b” antigens

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14
Q

What type of antigens do people with “b” blood have?

A

the “b” antigen

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15
Q

What type of antigens do people with “o” blood have?

A

no antigens

16
Q

What is the most common blood type in the US?

A

type “o”

17
Q

What is the least common blood type in the US?

A

type “ab”

18
Q

What is the reaction called when antigen-specific antibodies combine within the cardiovascular system?

A

agglutination

19
Q

What is the most important blood group in humans?

A

the “abo” blood group

20
Q

How many years of life does it take for the “abo” blood group system to form?

A

it occurs within the first years of a person’s life

21
Q

What blood group system provides the positive/ negative aspect of blood tying?

A

the “rh(d)” antigen

22
Q

hat percentage of americans contain the rh(d) antigen?

A

~85%

23
Q

What causes someone to have a certain blood type (including the rh(d) antigen?

A

they must be exposed to the antigen itself

24
Q

Which blood type is the universal donor?

A

“o-“ blood

25
Q

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

A

“ab+” blood

26
Q

What is the result of untreated hemolytic disease of the newborn (hdn)?

A

the baby can become anemic and hypoxic; which typically results in death

27
Q

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn/ Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

occurs when “rh-“ mothers are pregnant with “rh+” babies

28
Q

How will a “rh-“ mother’s immune system react during the first pregnancy of a “rh+” baby?

A

the bleeding that occurs during the first birth will sensitive the mother to the “rh” antigen (cause her to form antibodies; the first baby is healthy

29
Q

How will a “rh-“ mother’s immune system react during the second pregnancy of a “rh+” baby?

A

the second “rh+” child is at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn (hdn) due to the mother’s immune system sending antibodies across the placenta to destroy the child’s bloody; the baby is at risk of death if not treated

30
Q

What are the dangers of agglutination (blood clotting) during an improper blood transfusion?

A

lysis of the erythrocytes may occur which results in the release of hemoglobin into the blood circulation

31
Q

What are the dangers of free hemoglobin in the blood circulation?

A

it can result in cell death/ failure of the kidneys as well as: fever, chills, low bp, nausea, vomiting, increased heartbeat, and blood toxicity

Anatomy and Physiology II (24 decks)

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