Blood Lecture

Question 0

_ is a major body fluid. (_ constitutes 55 percent of all blood)

Answer 0

Plasma.

Question 1

_ is dependent on continual transportation of substances to and from cells.

Answer 1

Homeostasis.

Question 2

_ are the blood cells. (_ constitute 45 percent of all blood.

Answer 2

Formed elements.

Question 3

_ liters in females and _ liters in males.

Answer 3

4-5 and 5-6.

Question 4

1 unit = _ liters.

Answer 4

0.5.

Question 5

Blood volume per pound of body weight varies _ with the amount of excess body fat.

Answer 5

Inversely.

Question 6

The _ method of measuring blood volume is only done in experimental _ and is the _ of all blood.

Answer 6

Direct; Animals; Removal.

Question 7

The _ method of measuring blood is used for _ and is an injection of known amount of bed blood cells tagged with _.

Answer 7

Indirect; Humans; Radioisotopes.

Question 8

_ or packed cell volume is the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood.

Answer 8

Hematocrit.

Question 9

Erythrocytes are _.

Answer 9

Red blood cells.

Question 10

The nucleus is _ in erythrocytes.

Answer 10

Absent.

Question 11

Erythrocytes are shaped like a _.

Answer 11

Biconcave disk.

Question 12

Erythrocytes are _ megameters in diameter.

Answer 12

7.5.

Question 13

Erythrocytes are billed with _.

Answer 13

Hemaglobin.

Question 14

Erythrocytes are a _ plasma membrane.

Answer 14

Thin.

Question 15

_ of blood on average in a human body.

Answer 15

52,000,000 mm cubed.

Question 16

The main function of red blood cells is to transport _ and _.

Answer 16

Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 17

There is 200 million to 300 million _ molecules per erythrocyte.

Answer 17

Hemaglobin.

Question 18

There is _ oxygen molecules carried by each hemaglobin molecule.

Answer 18

4.

Question 19

There is an average of _ g/100 ml of blood in the human body.

Answer 19

12-16.

Question 20

_ is less that 10 g/100 ml of hemaglobin in blood.

Answer 20

Anemia.

Question 21

The formation of red blood cells can also be called _.

Answer 21

Erythropoiesis.

Question 22

_ stem cells go through stages to form erythrocytes.

Answer 22

Hemopoietic.

Question 23

Stimulus for increased red blood cell formation is low _ levels in the kidney.

Answer 23

Oxygen.

Question 24

Low oxygen levels cause the release of _.

Answer 24

Erythropoietin.

Question 25

Erythropoietin is produced by the _ and _.

Answer 25

Kidney and liver.

Question 26

Erythropoietin stimulates the _ to produce more red blood cells.

Answer 26

Hemocytoblasts.

Question 27

Erythrocytes last up to _ days.

Answer 27

120.

Question 28

Macrophage cells in the liver and spleen _ the old cells.

Answer 28

Phagocytose.

Question 29

Most components are _.

Answer 29

Recycled.

Question 30

Another word for white blood cells is _.

Answer 30

Leukocytes.

Question 31

_ are granules in cytoplasm and lobed nuclei.

Answer 31

Granulocytes.

Question 32

_ are 70 percent of total white blood cells.

Answer 32

Neutrophils.

Question 33

Neutrophils increase in numbers during _ infections.

Answer 33

Acute.

Question 34

_ are 4 percent of circulating white blood cells.

Answer 34

Eosinophils.

Question 35

Eosinophils increase in number during allergic reactions and parasitic _ infections.

Answer 35

Worms.

Question 36

_ are less that 1 percent of all white blood cells.

Answer 36

Basophils.

Question 37

Basophils increase in numbers during _ reactions and periods of inflammation.

Answer 37

Allergic.

Question 38

_ mean there is no granules in cytoplasm and unlobed nuclei.

Answer 38

Agranulocytes.

Question 39

_ are 25 percent of all white blood cells.

Answer 39

Lymphocytes.

Question 40

The two types of lymphocytes that are important in the immune response are the _ and _ lymphocytes.

Answer 40

Thymic and Bursal.

Question 41

_ lymphocytes are T cells.

Answer 41

Thymic.

Question 42

_ lymphocytes are B cells.

Answer 42

Bursal.

Question 43

_ are 3-8 percent of all white blood cells.

Answer 43

Monocytes.

Question 44

Monocytes become _ in the tissues.

Answer 44

Macrophages.

Question 45

The normal range of white blood cells numbers in the tissues is _ mm cubed.

Answer 45

5,000 to 9,000.

Question 46

Hemopoietic stem cells (hemocytoblasts) go through differentiation and then various stages to form each type of _.

Answer 46

White blood cell. Or leukocyte.

Question 47

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and some lymphocytes and monocytes develop in _ tissue.

Answer 47

Red marrow.

Question 48

Most lymphocytes and monocytes develop in _ tissue.

Answer 48

Lymph.

Question 49

Another word for a platelet is a _.

Answer 49

Thrombocyte.

Question 50

Thrombocytes are _ mm cubed.

Answer 50

150,000-350,000.

Question 51

Thrombocytes are _ megameters in diameter.

Answer 51

2-4.

Question 52

Thrombocytes play a role in _.

Answer 52

Clotting.

Question 53

Platelets have two roles: _ and _.

Answer 53

Hemostasis and coagulation.

Question 54

Hemostasis is the stoppage of blood flow via platelet _.

Answer 54

Plugs.

Question 55

Platelet plugs are formed by platelets _ together.

Answer 55

Sticking.

Question 56

Coagulation is the formation of _ clots.

Answer 56

Fibrin.

Question 57

Hemopoietic stem cells (hemocytoblasts) form megakaryoblasts, which form _, which form platelets.

Answer 57

Megakaryocytes.

Question 59

The average life span of a platelet is _ days.

Answer 59

7.

Question 60

blood types are the type of _ present on the RBCs.

Answer 60

Agglutenigens.

Question 61

agglutinogens are _.

Answer 61

Self antigens.

Question 62

agglutinins are plasma _.

Answer 62

Antibodies.

Question 63

reactions between agglutinogens and _ of incompatible blood.

Answer 63

agglutinins.

Question 64

causes the RBCs to _ (stick together).

Answer 64

agglutinate.

Question 65

in type A, RBC has agglutinogen _.

Answer 65

A.

Question 66

in type A, plasma has agglutinin _.

Answer 66

Anti B.

Question 67

in type B, RBC has agglutinogen _ and the plasma has agglutinin _.

Answer 67

B; Anti A.

Question 68

in type AB RBC has _ agglutinin anti a or anti b.

Answer 68

no.

Question 69

in type O RBC has _ agglutininogens A or B and plasma has agglutinin _.

Answer 69

no; anti a and anti b.

Question 70

if mother is _ and has been exposed to rh positive blood her blood will have the _ agglutinin in the plasma.

Answer 70

Rh negative; Anti Rh.

Question 71

If fetus is _, mother anti Rh agglutinins will pas through the placenta and cause agglutination of fetal RBCs.

Answer 71

Rh positive.

Question 72

the condition of mothers having different Rh balances than their babies is called _.

Answer 72

Erythroblastosis Fetalis.

Question 73

plasma is _ percent water, _ percent solutes.

Answer 73

91; 9.

Question 74

_ such as sodium chloride potassium.

Answer 74

electrolytes.

Question 75

_; such as _ (7 percent of plasma), nutrients, _, gasses and regulatory substances (_).

Answer 75

proteins; wastes; hormones.

Question 76

_ is the liquid of the blood without the clotting factors.

Answer 76

Serum.

Question 77

Blood clotting is also known as _.

Answer 77

Coagulation.

Question 78

extrinsic clotting pathway starts with damaged tissue and ends with production of an enzyme named prothrominase. (_).

Answer 78

Prothrombin activator.

Question 79

intristic clotting pathway starts with damaged endothelial cells contracting platelets and ends with production of _.

Answer 79

prothrombinase.

Question 80

prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to _.

Answer 80

Thrombin.

Question 81

thormbin is an enzyme that converts _ to fibrin for the clot.

Answer 81

Fibrinogen.

Question 82

_ endothelium is harder to clot.

Answer 82

Smooth.

Question 83

Presence of _ makes it harder to clot.

Answer 83

Antithrombin.

Question 84

_ places on endothelium make it easier to clot.

Answer 84

Rough.

Question 85

abnormally _ blood flow makes it easier to clot.

Answer 85

Slow.

Question 86

clot dissolution is also called _.

Answer 86

Fibrinolysis.

Question 87

naturally occurring _ can be activated to form plasmin, which disolves clots.

Answer 87

Plasminogen.

Question 88

bacteria produce _ chemicals to enhance their invasion. these include strepto-kinase and t-PA both of which have medical applications.

Answer 88

clot dissolving.

Question 89

_ is the loss of total oxygen carrying capacity by the RBC due to either a decrease of hemoglobin or a decrease in RBCs.

Answer 89

Anemia.

Question 90

_ anemia occurs when the body slows or stops the formation of new RBCs,

Answer 90

Aplastic.

Question 91

_ anemia is a decrease in RBCs due to B12 deficiency.

Answer 91

Pernicious.

Question 92

_ deficiency anemia is a dcrease in RBCs due to a folic acid B9 deficiency,

Answer 92

Folate

Question 93

acute _ anemia due to hemmorraging.

Answer 93

blood loss.

Question 94

anemia of _ disease/ cancer.

Answer 94

Chronic.

Question 95

_ deficiency anemia is due to a decrease in hemoglobin.

Answer 95

iron.

Question 96

_ anemia is due to a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin.

Answer 96

hemolytic.

Question 97

_ anemia has a mutation in the beta chain.

Answer 97

sickle cell.

Question 98

_ has mutations in both the alpha and beta chains.

Answer 98

Thalassemia.

Question 99

_ is the excess of RBC which can result in the thickening and slowing of blood and an increased risk for blood clots.

Answer 99

Polycythemia.

Question 100

_ is under 5000 WBCs.

Answer 100

Leukopenia.

Question 101

_ is an abnormally high WBC count that is over 10,000.

Answer 101

Leukocytosis.

Question 102

_ and Thrombosis is where the clot stays in place of origin.

Answer 102

Thrombus

Question 103

_ and embolism is where the clot dislodges and moves to other parts of the body.

Answer 103

Embolus.

Question 104

_ results from the absence of blood clotting factors.

Answer 104

Hemophelia.

Question 105

_ results from a decrease in platelet counts.

Answer 105

Thrombocytopenia.