Blood part 2 (cells)

Question 1

what is erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 1

hemolytic disease of newborn
see immature RBC in sample of blood

Question 2

when does erythroblastosis fetalis occus

Answer 2

when mother is (-) and fetus is (+)

Question 3

if anti d antibodies cross placenta and enter fetus’s blood then what

Answer 3

rxn of aggulination followed hemolysis

Question 4

how to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 4

rhogam=anti d antibodies
passive immunization to prevent your own immune system from responding.
administered twice… at 20 wks if mom is Rh- and after birth if infant is Rh+

Question 5

5 types of leukocytes from most to least commeon

Answer 5

neurophils, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophils, basophils

Question 6

what are the 3 granulocytes

Answer 6

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 7

what are the 2 agranulocytes

Answer 7

lymphocyte, monocyte

Question 8

what does granulocytes mean

Answer 8

the cell has granules

Question 9

hemopoiesis def

Answer 9

process of how blood cells are formed in the body

Question 10

what are most blood cells developed from

Answer 10

myeloid stem cellsw

Question 11

what is the stem cell for all blood cell types

Answer 11

hemocytoblasts

Question 12

what do lymphoid stem cells make, where does that mature?

Answer 12

lymphocyte and mature steps are not in bone marrow

Question 13

Neutrophils size

Answer 13

med to large

Question 14

neutrophils nuclus info

Answer 14

segmented nucleus, 3 to 5 segments

Question 15

neutrophils function

Answer 15

phagocytosis

Question 16

eosinophils size

Answer 16

med to small

Question 17

eosinophils nuclus info

Answer 17

biolobed nucleus, 2 lobes

Question 18

eosinophils function

Answer 18

phagocytosis,
anti inflammatory chemicals

Question 19

basophils size

Answer 19

med to small

Question 20

basophils nuclus info

Answer 20

bilobed nuclus, but is obscured by the dark staining granules

Question 21

basophils function

Answer 21

phagocytosis
secrete histamine and heparin

Question 22

histamine def

Answer 22

inflammatory chemical.
a vasodilator, increase blood flow to infected area and increase permeability of blood vessel wall to white blood cell

Question 23

heparin def

Answer 23

prevent blood clotting

Question 24

lymphocytes size

Answer 24

small to large

Question 25

lymphocytes nucleus info

Answer 25

large, round nucleus

Question 26

lymphocytes function

Answer 26

secrete t and b cells

Question 27

t cells info

Answer 27

found in thymus, is a cell mediated immunity, it perforates cell membranes and kills cell

Question 28

b cells info

Answer 28

found in bone marrow, and they produce antibodies

Question 29

what WBC can live for years and remember encountering illness

Answer 29

lymphocytes

Question 30

monocytes size

Answer 30

large

Question 31

monocytes nuclues info

Answer 31

kidney, shaped nucleus

Question 32

monocytes function

Answer 32

phagocytosis

Question 33

what do monocytes become if they leave blood

Answer 33

macrophages

Question 34

what can macrophages differentiate into

Answer 34

microglia or osteoclast

Question 35

what are thrombocytes

Answer 35

platelets

Question 36

thrombocytes size

Answer 36

very small

Question 37

do thrombocytes have a nucleus

Answer 37

no

Question 38

thrombocytes function

Answer 38

clotting

Question 39

how do thrombocytes clot

Answer 39

they contain chemicals that are part of the clothing cascade they stick together if activated to form a platelet plug

Question 40

3 steps fo blood clotting

Answer 40

vascular spasm formation of platelet plug coagulation

Question 41

what are the 2 ways a blood clotting cascade can start

Answer 41

intrinsic mechanism and extrinsic mechanism

Question 42

what factor connects extrinsic and intrinsic mechanism

Answer 42

factor X

Question 43

where are many clotting factors produced

Answer 43

by the liver, inactive forms in blood

Question 44

what are the 3 types of blood clotting disorders that we talked about

Answer 44

hemophilia, hemorrhage, thrombus/embolism

Question 45

what is hemophilia

Answer 45

a genetic disease, lack one or more clotting factors therefore, blood does not clot properly

Question 46

hemorrhage info

Answer 46

sudden loss of blood transfusion= formed elements and saline

Question 47

thrombus/embolism info

Answer 47

thrombus is a stationary blood clot embolism is a traveling blood clot

Question 48

what are the 4 anticoagulants

Answer 48

heparin, coumarin, aspirin, tissue plaminogen activator

Question 49

heparin info

Answer 49

a natural anticoagulant made by humans, inhibit factor IX

Question 50

coumarin info

Answer 50

rat poison, causes internal bleeding inhibits vit K, need to synthesize 4 clotting factors

Question 51

aspirin info

Answer 51

inhibits thromboxane, needed for platelet and prevent platelets from releasing granules

Question 52

tissue plasminogen activator info

Answer 52

breaks up clots

Question 53

blood has several functions which are associated with the what

Answer 53

componenets that make up blood