Muscular System

Question 1

What are the 6 functions of the muscular system

Answer 1

produce movement of skeleton
maintain body position
support soft tissues
guard body openings
maintain body temperature
store nutrients

Question 2

what does producing movement of the skeleton do

Answer 2

pull on tendons across joints
and the muscle: contractile tissues

Question 3

how does it maintain body position

Answer 3

through posture and stabilizes joints

Question 4

what does supporting soft tissues entail

Answer 4

abdominal wall muscles
pelvic floor muscles
support weight of organs
sheilds internal structures from injury

Question 5

how does it guard body openings

Answer 5

with sphincters . if one is skeletal muscle, then it is voluntary control

Question 6

what is a sphincter

Answer 6

a ring of muscle around tube

Question 7

how does it maintain body temp

Answer 7

muscle contraction requires energy
chem energy (mechanical energy and heat energy)

Question 8

how much of chem energy is heat energy

Answer 8

60 %

Question 9

what does heat energy do

Answer 9

heats blood which is then circulated throughout body

Question 10

how much of our heat is needed to maintain normal body temp

Answer 10

roughly 85 %

Question 11

What nutrients are stored in muscles

Answer 11

glucose to glycogen
and protein

Question 12

what is special about glucose in muscles

Answer 12

it keeps the glucose for itself whereas the liver shares with other parts of the body

Question 13

what is protein in muscles

Answer 13

protein is there, but is not available instantly. it is only used if starving

Question 14

skeletal muscle structure, 5 main parts

Answer 14

muscle tissue
connective tissue
nerves
blood supply
satellite cells

Question 15

what is in muscle tissue

Answer 15

muscle cells and muscle fibers

Question 16

what are the 3 parts of connective tissue in muscle

Answer 16

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

Question 17

info on epimysium

Answer 17

surrounds entire muscle
dense, irregular CT

Question 18

info of perimysium

Answer 18

where epimysium transitions and penetrates the muscle to separate into fascicles (groups of cells)

Question 19

endomysium info

Answer 19

where perimysium penetrates fascicules to separate into individual cells (areolar ct)

Question 20

what do nerves tell muscles to do

Answer 20

to contract

Question 21

what are the blood supplied to muscles by

Answer 21

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 22

what are satellite cells

Answer 22

stem cells that can divide and differentiate and merge with skeletal muscle fiber

Question 23

What is tendon

Answer 23

rope like

Question 24

what is aponeurosis

Answer 24

sheet like tendon

Question 25

what are tendons and aponeurosis continuous with

Answer 25

periosteum are a really firm attachment point

Question 26

orgin vs insertion

Answer 26

origin is proximal insertion is distal

Question 27

SKeletal muscle fibers length is equal to what

Answer 27

length of entire muscle

Question 28

are skeletal muscle fibers multinucleated? what else about it

Answer 28

yes, (each cell contains 100s of nuclei) this is because nuclei get squished against these cells form by emerging myoblasts or satellite cells

Question 29

are fibers striated or not

Answer 29

yes, the pattern is perpendicular to fibers regular arrangement of contractile proteins

Question 30

what are the 2 steps of skeletal muscle fiber formation

Answer 30

myoblasts fuse to form skeletal muslce, then satellite cells are found between muscle fiber and endomysosium

Question 31

what do satellite cells do

Answer 31

retain ability to divide, can fuse with skeletal muscle fiber, increase growth and or repair