Immunity

Question 1

What do nonspecific defenses do

Answer 1

general, nonspecific, innate, broad, no memory

Question 2

types of non specific defenses

Answer 2

mechanical and cehmical barriers
leukocytes
protective processes

Question 3

what do specific defenses do

Answer 3

are adaptive
can recognize specific pahogens
stronger responses
involves lymphocytes

Question 4

2 types of specific defenses

Answer 4

celled midiated (T cells)
and
humoral immunity ( b cells )

Question 5

Mechanical barriers

Answer 5

epidermis
mucous membranes
Hyaluronic acid within subepithelia areolar ct

Question 6

chmical barriers

Answer 6

pH
antimicrobials
cehmical messengers
complement

Question 7

stoamch ph

Answer 7

2.5
to breadkdwon microorganisms
to denature proteins

Question 8

vagina ph

Answer 8

6
has lactobacillus to inhibit growth of other microorganisms

Question 9

body ph

Answer 9

7.4

Question 10

types of antimicrobials

Answer 10

lysozyme in tears, saiva, mucus breakdowns cell walls
defensin in respitry. (peptide that forms pores)
dermicidin in sweat (peptide that forms pores)

Question 11

3 chemical messengers

Answer 11

chemotaxic factors- attract to injury
colony stimualting factors - stim cell division , cloning WBC
interferons - secret by abnormal human as infected virus or cancer

Question 12

what are compleement

Answer 12

helping actions of antibodies
they are inactive group of proteins tin blood that get activated by being cut into fragments

Question 13

results of complement

Answer 13

inflammation promotion
phagocytosis
immune clearance
cytolysis

Question 14

leukocytes types

Answer 14

neutrophils
eosinophils
monocytes
basophils
lymphocytes

Question 15

histamine does what

Answer 15

vasodilate

Question 16

which leukocyte respiratory burst

Answer 16

neurtophils

Question 17

which leukocyte secrete superoxide

Answer 17

eosinophils

Question 18

which leukocyte are common in mucous membrane at sigtes of alergic rxn

Answer 18

eosinophils

Question 19

what are the garbage guys

Answer 19

monocytes

Question 20

what releases histamine and heparin

Answer 20

basophils

Question 21

what does heparin do

Answer 21

antioagulant

Question 22

what do lymphocytes do

Answer 22

activate interferons and secrete peroforins that form a pore and then rupture/kill the cell

Question 23

why does a fever occur

Answer 23

increase body tmep due to increase in set point at hypothalamus. initiated by external cells in body,
helps to fight infection

Question 23

what do endogenous pyrogens do

Answer 23

maintain an increased body temp by releaseing cytokines and prostaglanoins

Question 24

what is inflammation

Answer 24

local defense against trauma/ infection

Question 25

signs of inflammation

Answer 25

redness swelling, edema hyperemia (increases blood flow) pain (pressure compresses nerves )

Question 26

what do inflammatory chemicals do

Answer 26

attract WBC dilate blood vessels margination diapedsis

Question 27

how are pathogens contained and destoryed

Answer 27

formation of clot in adjacent area increase WBC activity pus accumulation

Question 28

how in tissue cleaned up and repaired

Answer 28

increases macrophage activity to absorb pus growth factors to stim mitosis firbrin pain to limit use

Question 29

4 characteristics of specifiic immune responses

Answer 29

specificity versatility memory tolerance

Question 30

specificity def

Answer 30

response to specififc antigen

Question 31

versatility

Answer 31

each lymphocyte/antibody recognizes specific antigen but you get a wide variety

Question 32

memory def

Answer 32

remember encountering an aantigen 2nd exposures quicker and stronger

Question 33

tolerance def

Answer 33

body recognizes self vs non self

Question 34

what makes t cells

Answer 34

thymus

Question 35

what makes b cells

Answer 35

lymphoid nodules

Question 36

can lymphocytes recognize foreign antigens by themselves

Answer 36

no , need presented cells to present antigens

Question 37

what do t cells only recognize antigens if they are bound to

Answer 37

glycoproteins

Question 38

what do Class I major histocompatibilit complex do

Answer 38

identify abnormal cell if it was nr=ormal, it will only have slf antigens attached t to the Mhc

Question 39

Class II MHC

Answer 39

identify forign antigens in the ECF. then phagocytosis

Question 40

Tc cells Th cells Ts cells

Answer 40

c is cytotoxic h is helper s is suppressor

Question 41

what do t cytotoxic cells do

Answer 41

look for class 1 MHc and loo at antigen to determine if it is self antigen or foreign antigen. releases perforin to create a pore in cell

Question 42

what do t helper cells do

Answer 42

look for class 2 MHc. and can activate the B cells

Question 43

B cells can be what

Answer 43

sensitized or activated

Question 44

what can some B cells differentiate into

Answer 44

memory cells

Question 45

What is an antigen molecule have

Answer 45

multiple antigenic eterminants that can simulate the formation of a variety of antibodies

Question 46

roles of antibodies 5

Answer 46

neutralize site that causes injury aggutination of antigen activate complement cascade to lyse cells stim most cells/basophils to degrannulate and promote inflammation attract macrophages for phagocytosis