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CLINICAL CHEM > Blood pH > Flashcards

Blood pH Flashcards

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1
Q

def? a substance that can yield a hydrogen ion (H) or hydronium ion when dissolved in water

A

acid

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2
Q

def?a substance that can yield hydroxyl ions (OH-)

A

base

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3
Q

def? describes relative strengths of acids & bases

A

Dissociation constant

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4
Q

def? negative log of ionization constant & pH in which protonated & unprotonated forms are present in equal concentrations

A

pK

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5
Q

what kind of rxn applies Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases

A

rxn that occur in water

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6
Q

what is the function of buffers

A

maintain a stable ph in a solution

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7
Q

what do buffers consist of

A

a weak acid/base + its salt

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8
Q

in an acidic condition what happens to the Carboxylic acid

A

becomes protonated

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9
Q

which buffer system has a low buffering capacity

A

bicarbonate - carbonic acid system

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10
Q

what does the bicarbonate - carbonic acid system do for the lungs

A

allows co2 to be released and H as water

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11
Q

what buffer system modifies ventilation rate

A

Bicarbonate- carbonic acid system

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12
Q

in the bicarbonate- carbonic acid system what organ alters HCO3-

A

kidneys

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13
Q

what is the conjugated base of H2CO3

A

HCO3-

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14
Q

what is the conjugate base of HHb

A

Hb-

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15
Q

what is the acid of HPO4 2-

A

H2PO4 -

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16
Q

what is the acid of proteins -

A

Hproteins

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17
Q

what is the weak acid in the carbonic acid buffer system

A

H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

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18
Q

what is the conjugate base in the carbonic acid buffer system

A

HCO3 - (Bicarbonate)

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19
Q

what is a major product of energy metabolism

A

CO2

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20
Q

how is carbonic acid formed in the blood

A

CO2 + H2O

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21
Q

what is the pKa of the carbonic acid system at 37 degrees C

A

6.1

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22
Q

for normal people what is the ratio of bicarbonate conc to partial pressure of CO2

A

20/1

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23
Q

what is the main idea of the Hb acid buffer system

A

transports acid from the tissues to lungs

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24
Q

as Hb loses it’s O2 it _____ it’s affinity for H

A

increases

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25
phosphate buffer system is more important as an
intracellular buffer
26
what aa has a major impact on the protein buffer system
aa histidine
27
at a ph of 7.4 what charge do proteins have
neg
28
What other measurement in addition to bicarbonate is needed to calculate buffer base?
. Hgb concentration
29
Carbonic acid concentration in blood plasma equals
0.0307mM/mmHg times the PCO2 value in mmHg
30
A patient’s blood gas results are as follows: pH = 7.26; PCO2=60 mmol/L; HCO3-=29mmol/L These results would be classified as:
Respiratory acidosis
31
A patient’s blood gas results are: pH = 7.50; PCO2 = 55 mm Hg; HCO3- = 40 mmol/L These results indicate:
Metabolic alkalosis
32
A patient’s arterial blood gas results are pH=7.33; PCO2=75mm Hg; HCO3-= 37mmol/L. These values are consistent with
Compensated respiratory acidosis
33
A patient’s arterial blood gas results are pH, 7.48; PCO2, 54mmHg; HCO3-, 38 mmol/L. Theses values are consistent with
Compensated nonrespiratory alkalosis
34
Which parameter could be used to detect excess carbon monoxide in blood?
O2 saturation of total hemoglobin
35
Which of the following formulas for O2 content is correct
A. O2 Content = %O2 saturation/100 x Hgb g/dL x1.34 mL/g + (0.003 x PO2)
36
what organs regulates the acid base balance in blood (2)
kidneys and lungs
37
when the pH of blood is out of the range what do the kidneys do
reabsorbe bicarbonate
38
caused by an overabundance of bicarbonate in the blood or a loss of acid from the blood
alkalosis
39
occurs when acid builds up or when bicarbonate (a base) is lost.
acidosis
40
how do the lungs regulate the blood ph
retention and elimination of CO2
41
elevated CO2 level in lungs is what kind of breathing
hypoventilation
42
decrease in CO2 levels in the lungs is what kind of breathing
Hyperventilation
43
normal pH of blood
7.35 to 7.45
44
normal pco2 range
35 to 45 mmHg
45
normal bicarbonate range
22-26 mEq/L
46
if the bicarbonate conc is less than 22 mEq/L what does this tell you
metabolic problem
47
what do diuretic do to bicarbonate levels
decrease
48
why does bicarbonate levels decrease during kidney dysfunction
hinders reabsorption
49
Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs through the ______ veins and into the ____ side of the heart, which pumps the blood to the rest of the body
pulmonary , left
50
carbon dioxide-rich blood returns to the ____ side of the heart through two large veins, the _____ vena cava and the ____ vena cava
right, superior, inferior
51
When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air
PCO2 decreases; PO2 increases
52
The normal difference between alveolar and arterial PO2 (PAO2-PaO2 difference) is:
10 mm Hg
53
what tool determines Actual percent oxyhemoglobin
cooximeter
54
what does cooximeter measure
various hemoglobin species.
55
what kind of sources of error do cooximeter have
faulty instrument calibration & spectral-interfering substances
56
what kind of blood gas analyzer measures the Amount of current flow indicates oxygen present (PO2).
Amperometric
57
which kind of blood gas analyzer measures Change in voltage indicates analyte activity (PCO2, pH).
Potentiometric:
58
The presence of the dyshemoglobins will cause a calculated % SO2 resut to be falsely (elevated, decreased) and a pulse oximeter % SpO2 value to be falsely (elevated, decreased)
Elevated, elevated
59
The anticoagulant of choice for arterial blood gas measurements is? and in what state
Lithium heparin;dry
60
At a pH of 7.10, the H+ concentration is equal to
80nmol/L
61
The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by (excretion, retention) of bicarbonate and (increased, decreased) excretion of NaH2PO4
Excretion, decreased
62
The normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in arterial blood is
1:20
63
When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air
PCO2 decreases; PO2 increases
64
In the circulatory system, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with to maintain electroneutrality
Chloride
65
Hypoventilation can compensate for
Non-respiratory alkalosis
66
The hemoglobin oxygen binding capacity for a blood sample that is 100% saturated with O2 and has a total hemoglobin value of 12g/dL is approximately
17 ml O2/dL
67
Oxygen content in blood reflects: a. O2Hb only b. PO2 value c. O2 dissolved in blood plasma only d. The patient’s total hemoglobin value
all of the above

CLINICAL CHEM (7 decks)

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