LIVER Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
where does the liver get most of its blood supply.
A
portal vein
2
Q
where does the liver get the 2nd most of its blood supply
A
heptatic artery
3
Q
what organ helps maintain body homoeostasis
A
liver
4
Q
what substances in the blood does the liver regulate
A
cholesterol and glucose
5
Q
what does the liver synthesize and secrete
A
blood proteins
6
Q
what is the most common blood protein the liver synthesizes and produces
A
albumin
7
Q
if the liver is not functioning properly due to albumin what does it cause
A
edema
8
Q
what organ makes clotting factors
A
liver
9
Q
def? a greenish fluid synthesized by hepatocytes
A
bile
10
Q
where is bile secreted
A
biliary ducts
11
Q
what kind of molecules are cholesterol
A
lipid
12
Q
what lipoprotein helps maintain the physical integrity of cells
A
cholesterol
13
Q
what carries cholesterol and fatty acids to the liver and body tissues
A
lipoproteins
14
Q
what kind of disease affect serum lipid levels (increased)
A
cholestatic diseases
15
Q
what kind of glucose is stored in the liver
A
glycogen
16
Q
what kind of vitamins are stored in the liver
A
folate and VIT B12
17
Q
what kind of minerals are stored in the liver
A
copper and iron
18
Q
what disease cannot secrete copper into bile normally
A
wilson’s disease
19
Q
in Wilson’s disease what will be low in the blood
A
ceruloplasmin
20
Q
def? copper-binding protein
A
ceruloplasmin
21
Q
if copper cannot be secreted properly in Wilson’s disease what do you expect to have high levels of in the liver
A
copper
22
Q
if copper accumulates in the liver what can this lead to
A
cirrhosis
23
Q
how does the liver detoxify harmful substances
A
breaks them down into less harmful compounds
24
Q
what does the liver detoxify ammonia to
A
urea
25
where is urea excreted
urine
26
why does ammonia levels increase in the blood of someone with severe liver disease
decreased blood removal and decreased ability to form urea
27
if elevated ammonia levels increase in the blood and it affects the brain what can it cause
hepatic encephalopathy
28
def? a yellow pigment formed as a breakdown product of red blood cell hemoglobin
bilirubin
29
what does the liver detoxify bilirubin to
conjugated bilirubin --> bile
30
what disease has Increased production or decreased clearance of bilirubin
jaundice
31
what disease causes hormonal imbalances
chronic liver disease
32
a man with cirrhosis will have increase level of what hormone
estrogen
33
t or f: pts with hepatic disease can take lots of medicine that is metabolized by liver
F
34
what is referred to as the great chemical factory
liver
35
what is the main digestive chemical that is synthesized by liver
bile
36
during a meal what does the liver secrete to help break down food in the small intestine
bile
37
where is bile stored
gall bladder
38
Bile further serves as a waste disposal system for ____
toxins
39
what system is the liver apart of
gastrointestinal system
40
what processes all of the gastrointestinal blood
liver
41
where does the liver deliver the gastrointestinal blood
right side of the heart
42
def? An infection of the liver with a virus
hepatitis
43
what happens to a liver with hepatitis
inflammation
44
what happens to the liver with chronic hepatitis
inflammation causes scarring
45
how is hepatitis transmitted
blood contact
46
what kind of hepatitis is caused by the hep A virus
Hepatitis A
47
what kind of virus is hep A virus
RNA
48
how is Hep A diagnosed
serologic detection of hepatitis ab
49
in hep A what immnunoglobin peaks at week 1 and disappears by week 8
IgM
50
in hep A what immnunoglobin peaks at 1-2 months and persist for years
IgG
51
what kind of virus is Hep B virus
DNA
52
what disease has these symptoms: irregular fevers, right upper quadrant tenderness, jaundice, and dark urine.
hep B
53
what kind of virus is Hep C virus
RNA
54
T or F: hep C virus is found in blood and body fluids
T
55
T or F: hep B virus is found in blood and body fluids
T
56
T or F: hep A virus is found in blood and body fluids
F
57
what causes jaundice
increased bilirubin in blood
58
what enzyme attaches glucuronic acid to unconjugated bilirubin to make it conjugated
UDP- glucuronlytransferase
59
what makes conjugated bilirubin into urobilinogen in the intestines
GI bacteria
60
In Gilbert's disease total bilirubin in serum is
increased
61
In crigler-najjar syndrome total bilirubin in serum is
increase
62
In Dublin-johnson total bilirubin in serum is
increased
63
In rotor syndrome total bilirubin in serum is
increased
64
In jaundice of newborn total bilirubin in serum is
increased
65
In posthepatic total bilirubin in serum is
increased
66
In Gilbert's disease conjugated bilirubin in serum is
normal
67
In prehepatic conjugated bilirubin in serum is
normal
68
In crigler-nijjar syndrome conjugated bilirubin in serum is
decreased
69
In Dublin-johnson conjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
70
In rotor syndrome conjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
71
In jaundice of newborn conjugated bilirubin in serum is
normal
72
In post hepatic conjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
73
In prehepatic total bilirubin in serum is
increased
74
In Gilbert's disease unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
75
In pre hepatic unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
76
In crigler-najjar syndrome unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
77
In dubin-johnson unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
normal
78
In rotor syndrome unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
normal
79
In jaundice of newborn unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
80
In posthepatic unconjugated bilirubin in serum is
increased
81
what causes pre hepatic jaundice
too many RBC are broken down
82
def? liver inflammation due to a variety of causes including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viral infections, alcohol abuse, and some medications and toxins.
acute hepatitis
83
def?: a mild inherited condition associated with decreased bilirubin conjugation due to a decrease in enzyme activity
gilbert syndrome
84
what does a ultrasound detect for jaundice
gallstone or blockage
85
why is it common for babies to have jaundice
their liver is not able to cope with the normal break down of RBC
86
t or F: liver cancer is very common
T
87
what are early signs of liver cancer
belly aches and involuntary weight loss
88
what is screened for in the blood of someone with liver cancer
alpha-fetoprotein
89
what kind of bilirubin is water soluble
conjugated
90
if conjugated (direct) bilirubin is elevated where is the problem
outside the liver
91
if the problem is outside of the liver what is the most likely cause of elevated conjugated bilirubin
gallstone
92
what is damaged if direct bilirubin is low while total bilirubin is high
liver cells or bile duct
93
_________ Bilirubin + diazotized sulfanilic acid → azobilirubin
(purple colored)
conjugated
94
______ Bilirubin + diazotized sulfanilic acid+ 50%methonal→ purple colored compd
total
95
________ bilirubin = Total Bilirubin – conjugated bilirubin
unconjugated
96
what enzyme is primarily present in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in kidney and skeletal muscle
ALT
97
what enzyme reflects damage to the hepatic cell. It is less specific for liver disease
AST
98
what enzyme is elevated in primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis.
ALP
99
what enzyme is found in high conc in the kidney and the liver
GGT
100
what enzyme is released when organs such as the liver, heart, lung, or brain are injured
lactic dehydrogenase
101
what enzyme is released by the liver when the liver is injured due to bile duct obstruction or impaired bile flow.
5-nucleotidase
102
what protein is produced by the fetal liver and testes, indicating hepatitis or cancer.
alpha-fetoprotein
103
what kind of ab is present in primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and certain other autoimmune disorders
mitochondrial
104
Urobilinogen + __________→ red color compd
p-dimethylbenzaldehyde
