Pancreas

Question 1

what organ is small, elongated, and located in the abdomen

Answer 1

pancreas

Question 2

what makes up exocrine units of the pancreas

Answer 2

tubuloacinar glands

Question 3

how are tubulacinar glands organized

Answer 3

grape bunches

Question 4

what is the name of the endocrine units of the pancreas

Answer 4

islets of Langerhans

Question 5

where are the exocrine units of the pancreas found

Answer 5

they surround the islets of langerhans

Question 6

what do the pancreas cells have in the them

Answer 6

digestive enzymes

Question 7

what is the main digestive enzymes found in pancreas cells (4)

Answer 7

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pancreatic lipase, and amylase

Question 8

in what region of the pancreas are the endocrine units mostly in

Answer 8

tail region

Question 9

what do the endocrine unit cells surround

Answer 9

pancreatic acini

Question 10

what 3 major types of cells do the islets contain

Answer 10

alpha, beta, and delta

Question 11

what hormone do alpha cells produce

Answer 11

glucagon

Question 12

what hormone do beta cells produce

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

what hormone do delta cells produce

Answer 13

somatostatin

Question 14

what leads to decreased glucagon and insulin levels

Answer 14

somatostatin

Question 15

what function of the pancreas produces enzymes that break down food

Answer 15

exocrine

Question 16

what function of the pancreas secretes hormones that affect carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 16

endocrine

Question 17

T or F: exocrine tissue secretes pancreatic juice

Answer 17

T

Question 18

what are the major hormones involved in stimulated secretion?

Answer 18

secretin and CCK

Question 19

what is the function of secretin

Answer 19

stimulates the secretion of the alkaline aqueous component

Question 20

what is the function of CCK

Answer 20

stimulates the secretion of the enzyme component

Question 21

when is secretin released

Answer 21

in response to acid in the small intestine

Question 22

when is CCK released

Answer 22

in the presence of fats or aa in the dueodenum

Question 23

what hormone is responsible for the release of enzymes

Answer 23

CCK

Question 24

what is the content of pancreatic juice?

Answer 24

mix of enzyme-rich secretion and an aqueous alkaline secretion

Question 25

what cells secrete enzymes

Answer 25

acinar cells

Question 26

what cells secrete alkaline fluid

Answer 26

duct cells

Question 27

what kind of juice do the cells of the upper ducts of the pancreas secrete

Answer 27

isotonic

Question 28

what is the isotonic juice rich in

Answer 28

bicarbonate

Question 29

what is the function of the alkaline pancreatic secretion

Answer 29

neutralize the acid arriving from the stomach

Question 30

what kind of environment do pancreatic enzyme work in

Answer 30

neutral or slightly alkaline

Question 31

what does the lumen of micelles absorb in neutral or slightly alkaline pH

Answer 31

fat

Question 32

what protects the intestinal mucosa from excess acid

Answer 32

pancreatic alkaline secretion

Question 33

what does excess acid in the duodenum lead to

Answer 33

ulcers

Question 34

what kind of enzymes are proteins

Answer 34

proteolytic enzymes

Question 35

what are these examples of: trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, collagenase, and peptidase

Answer 35

proteins

Question 36

what kind of enzymes are lipids

Answer 36

digestive enzymes

Question 37

what are the main digestive enzymes of the pancreas

Answer 37

lipase and lecithinase

Question 38

what splits pancreatic amylase

Answer 38

Carbohydrates

Question 39

what hormones do the endocrine cells of the pancreas secrete (3)

Answer 39

insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

Question 40

what cells produce glucagon and insulin

Answer 40

alpha and beta

Question 41

are benign tumor life threatening

Answer 41

no

Question 42

what kind of tumor do not invade surrounding tissues and do not metastasize to other parts of the body

Answer 42

benign

Question 43

def? growth of a malignant tumour within the small pancreas organ.

Answer 43

pancreatic cancer

Question 44

what is the most common cancer of the pancreas

Answer 44

adencarcinma of the pancreas

Question 45

A less common, and typically far less aggressive form of pancreatic cancer, is

Answer 45

islet-cell tumor

Question 46

what kind of disorder is cystic fibrosis

Answer 46

autosomal recessive disorder

Question 47

def? characterized by dysfunction of mucous and exocrine glands throughout the body.

Answer 47

cystic fibrosis

Question 48

what do the acini and ducts fill with cystic fibrosis

Answer 48

mucus

Question 49

what is an effect of the small cysts filled with mucus in cystic fibrosis

Answer 49

prevention of pancreatic secretions

Question 50

what parts of the body doe cystic fibrosis affect

Answer 50

lungs and digestive system

Question 51

what disease does this child have? the child's body can't process or absorb nutrients properly, especially fats. The child has problems gaining weight, even with a normal diet and a good appetite.

Answer 51

CF

Question 52

def? inflammation of the pancreas due to auto digestion of the pancreas

Answer 52

pancreatitis

Question 53

what causes auto digestion of the pancreas

Answer 53

reflux of bile of duodenal contents into pancreatic duct

Question 54

what kind of pancreatitis occur suddenly and last for a short period

Answer 54

acute

Question 55

does acute pancreatitis resolve

Answer 55

yes

Question 56

does chronic pancreatitis resolve itself

Answer 56

no

Question 57

what kind of pancreatitis is slow destruction

Answer 57

chronic

Question 58

what causes pancreatitis

Answer 58

gallstones or alcohol abuse

Question 59

what disease? swollen and tender upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, rapid pulse

Answer 59

acute pancreatitis

Question 60

T. or F: with chronic pancreatitis there can be no pain

Answer 60

T

Question 61

if someone has fatty stools what disease do they probably. have

Answer 61

chronic pancreatitis

Question 62

what do these test look for: Fecal Fat analysis Sweat analysis Secretin stimulation test Image Enzyme test

Answer 62

pancreatic function

Question 63

what does a secretin stimulation test measure

Answer 63

the ability of the pancreas to respond to secretin

Question 64

when secretin is release what does it tell the pancreas to do

Answer 64

secrete a fluid with a high conc of bicarbonate

Question 65

what does the image test detect

Answer 65

obstructions or tumors

Question 66

what is the most sensitive pancreatic test

Answer 66

secretin stimulation test

Question 67

what is the most useful test for cystic fibrosis

Answer 67

sweat electrolyte

Question 68

what enzyme will increase in the serum of a pt with acute pancreatitis

Answer 68

amylase

Question 69

what is the most sensitive indicator of acute pancreatitis

Answer 69

urine amylase

Question 70

does amylase or lipase last longer in the serum of a pt with acute pancreatitis

Answer 70

lipase