Blood Supply to the Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 1

At what spinal level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 1

C4

Question 2

What is the pathway of the ICA into the cranial cavity?

Answer 2

Move up the carotid sheath to the carotid canal

Pass through the cavernous sinus

Question 3

What branches does the ICA give rise to?

Answer 3

Ophthalmic
Middle cerebral
Posterior communicating
Anterior cerebral

Question 4

What arteries give rise to the vertebral arteries?

Answer 4

Subclavian

Question 5

What is the pathway of the vertebral arteries into the cranial cavity?

Answer 5

Transverse foramen in the spine

Foramen magnum

Question 6

What branches do the vertebral arteries give rise to?

Answer 6

Meningeal branches
Anterior and posterior spinal
Posterior inferior cerebellar

Question 7

In which fissure is the anterior cerebral artery found?

Answer 7

Longitudinal fissure

Question 8

In which fissure is the middle cerebral artery found?

Answer 8

Lateral fissure

Question 9

In which fissure is the posterior cerebral artery found?

Answer 9

Transverse fissure

Question 10

What functional areas does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 10

Primary motor cortex
Primary sensory area
Primary auditory area
Area for olfaction

Question 11

Where does the primary visual cortex receive its blood supply from?

Answer 11

Calcarine branch of posterior cerebral artery

Question 12

What artery is formed from the convergence of the vertebral arteries?

Answer 12

Basilar artery

Question 13

What main arteries form the Circle of Willis?

Answer 13

Anterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 14

What part of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 14

Anteromedial part of the cerebrum

Question 15

What part of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 15

Lateral part of the brain

Question 16

What part of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 16

Posterior part of the cerebrum

Question 17

What arteries supply the spinal cord?

Answer 17

Anterior spinal artery

2 posterior arteries

Question 18

Where do the venous sinuses ultimately drain to?

Answer 18

Internal jugular vein

Question 19

How many venous sinuses are there?

Answer 19

11

Question 20

What venous sinuses are found in the fall cerebri?

Answer 20

Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus

Question 21

Where do the sinuses converge?

Answer 21

Confluence of the sinuses

Question 22

What pathway does the confluence of sinuses take to the internal jugular vein?

Answer 22

Transverse to sigmoid to internal jugular vein

Question 23

Where is the cavernous sinus located?

Answer 23

Either side of the sella turcica

Question 24

What drains into the cavernous sinus?

Answer 24

Ophthalmic sinus

Question 25

What are the superficial veins which drain the cerebral cortex?

Answer 25

``` Superior cerebral vein Superficial middle cerebral vein Inferior cerebral vein Superior anastamotic vein Inferior anastomotic vein ```

Question 26

What veins are responsible for draining the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 26

Superior cerebellar veins | Inferior cerebellar veins

Question 27

What veins are responsible for draining the spinal cord?

Answer 27

3 anterior spinal veins | 3 posterior spinal veins

Question 28

What is the function of the ventricles?

Answer 28

Production, transport and removal of CSF

Question 29

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 29

Protection (cushions brain) Buoyancy (reduces weight of brain, so reduced pressure on base) Chemical stability

Question 30

What are the ventricles lined with?

Answer 30

Ependymal cells

Question 31

What do the ependymal cells form?

Answer 31

Choroid plexus

Question 32

What are the ventricles embryologically derived from?

Answer 32

Neural tube

Question 33

Hw many ventricles are there?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

Answer 34

Cerebrum (horns extend into occipital, frontal and temporal lobes)

Question 35

Where is the third ventricle located?

Answer 35

Between the right and left thalamus

Question 36

What connects the third ventricle to the lateral ventricles?

Answer 36

Foramen of Munro

Question 37

What are the 2 processes that are found on the third ventricle?

Answer 37

Supra optic recess | Infundibular recess

Question 38

Where is the supra optic recess located?

Answer 38

Above the optic chiasma

Question 39

Where is the infundibular recess located?

Answer 39

Above the optic stalk

Question 40

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

Answer 40

Between the pons and the medulla

Question 41

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

Answer 41

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 42

From the fourth ventricle, where does the CSF drain?

Answer 42

Central spinal canal | Subarachnoid cisterns

Question 43

What produces CSF?

Answer 43

Choroid plexus