Topography of the Brain

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

Answer 1

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 2

Where are tracts found?

Answer 2

White matter

Question 3

What cranial nerves exit from the medulla?

Answer 3

All except 1 and 2

Question 4

What are the functions of the brainstem?

Answer 4

Pathway for tracts
Innervation of head and neck
Autonomic control of vital centres (cardiorespiratory)

Question 5

What ventricle is associated with the medulla?

Answer 5

4th ventricle

Question 6

What does the medulla once it has passed through the foramen magnum?

Answer 6

Spinal cord

Question 7

What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?

Answer 7

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 8

Where is the 4th ventricle in relation to the pons?

Answer 8

4th ventricle is posterior to the pons

Question 9

What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla?

Answer 9

Cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12

Question 10

What surface features are found on the pons?

Answer 10

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cranial nerves 5, 6, 7 and 8

Question 11

What does the midbrain develop from?

Answer 11

Mesencephalon

Question 12

What surface features are found on the midbrain?

Answer 12

Superior cerebellar peduncle
Cranial nerves 3 and 4
Superior and inferior colliculus

Question 13

What central cavity is present in the midbrain?

Answer 13

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 14

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

Answer 14

3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 15

What are the hemispheres of the cerebellum separated by?

Answer 15

Vermis

Question 16

What are the lobes of the cerebellar hemispheres?

Answer 16

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular

Question 17

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Posture maintenance

Fine tuning motor activity

Question 18

What does the diencephalon develop from?

Answer 18

Diencephalic vesicle

Question 19

What are the paired structures of the diencephalon?

Answer 19

Thalamus
Hypothalamus (and pituitary)
Epithalamus (pineal gland)

Question 20

Where are the paired structures of the diencephalon found?

Answer 20

Mainly grey matter

Question 21

What side of the body does the cerebellum control?

Answer 21

Same side

Question 22

What is the contents of the thalamus?

Answer 22

Groups of nuclei

Question 23

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 23

Sensory relay station

Question 24

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 24

Below the thalamus

Question 25

How is the hypothalamus separated from the thalamus?

Answer 25

Hypothalamic sulcus

Question 26

What is the role of hypothalamus?

Answer 26

``` Autonomic control centre Body temperature regulation Food intake regulation Water balance and thirst regulation Sleep wake regulation Control of endocrine system functioning ```

Question 27

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull?

Answer 27

Carotid canal (foramen lacerum)

Question 28

Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

Answer 28

Foramen magnum

Question 29

What branches of the internal carotid arteries supply the brain?

Answer 29

Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery

Question 30

What branches of the internal carotid artery supply a large part of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 30

Anterior cerebral arteries | Middle cerebral arteries

Question 31

What do the vertebral arteries form when joined?

Answer 31

Basilar artery on the ventral surface of the brainstem

Question 32

What areas do the vertebra-bassilar system supply?

Answer 32

Brainstem and cerebellum

Question 33

What level does the basilar artery end?

Answer 33

Midbrain

Question 34

What does the basilar artery divide into?

Answer 34

Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 35

What area do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 35

Posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 36

What comprises the circle of Willis?

Answer 36

ICA branches | Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 37

What is the clinical importance of the circle of Willis?

Answer 37

Protects against vasoocclusion of large arteries

Question 38

What area does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 38

Medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 39

What area does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 39

Lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 40

What area does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 40

Inferior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres | Occipital lobe

Question 41

Where do the veins of the brain drain to?

Answer 41

Venous sinuses

Question 42

Where are the venous sinuses located?

Answer 42

Between the 2 layers of the dura mater

Question 43

Where do the venous sinuses drain to?

Answer 43

Internal jugular vein