Blood System

Question 1

Albumin

Answer 1

Protein in blood; maintains right amount of water in blood

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

Immunoglobulin protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacterias/viruses

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

Substance that stimulates production of antibody

Question 4

Basophil

Answer 4

White blood cell stains blue; releases heparin/histamine (not clotting/ allergic response)

Question 5

Bilirubin

Answer 5

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; form by breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells destroyed

Question 6

Coagulation

Answer 6

Blood clotting

Question 7

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 7

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells

Question 8

Differentiation

Answer 8

Change in structure/function of maturing cell; specialization

Question 9

Electrophoresis

Answer 9

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Question 10

Eosinophil

Answer 10

White blood cell stains red; allergic reactions

Question 11

Erythroblast

Answer 11

Immature red blood cell

Question 12

Erythrocyte

Answer 12

Red blood cell; 5 million per microliter of blood; trans. Nutrients/oxygen;originate in marrow

Question 13

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 13

Hormone secreted by kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

Question 14

Fibrin

Answer 14

Protein that forms basis of blood clot

Question 15

Fibrinogen

Answer 15

Plasma protein converted to fibrin in clotting process

Question 15

Globulin

Answer 15

Plasma protein (alpha,beta,gamma immune)

Question 16

Granulocyte

Answer 16

White blood cell w/ dark staining granules; eosinophil,neutrophil,basophil

Question 17

Hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 17

Cell in bone marrow gives rise to all blood cells

Question 18

Hemoglobin

Answer 18

Blood protein contains iron; caries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 19

Hemolysis

Answer 19

Destruction/breakdown of blood

Question 20

Heparin

Answer 20

Anticoagulant in blood/tissue cells

Question 21

Immunoglobulin

Answer 21

Protein w/ antibody activity

Question 22

Lymphocyte

Answer 22

Mononuclear leukocyte produces antibodies/controls immune response

Question 23

Macrophage

Answer 23

Monocyte migrates from blood to tissue spaces engulfs debris/destroys worn out red blood cells

Question 24

Megakaryocyte

Answer 24

Large platelet precursor cell in bone marrow

Question 25

Monocyte

Answer 25

One large nucleus. Engulf foreign material. Become macrophages as leave blood and enter body tissues

Question 26

Mononuclear

Answer 26

Leukocyte w/ 1 nucleus

Question 27

Myeloblast

Answer 27

Immature bone marrow gives rise to granulocytes

Question 28

Neutrophil

Answer 28

Granulocytic leukocyte in bone marrow. Phagocytic tissue-fighting cell (polymorphonuclear leukocyte)

Question 29

Plasma

Answer 29

Liquid part of blood. (Contains water, proteins, salt, nutrients, lipids, hormones, vitamins

Question 30

Plasmapheresis

Answer 30

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood

Question 31

Platelet

Answer 31

Blood fragment collects at injury sites to start clotting

Question 32

Reticulocyte

Answer 32

Immature erythrocyte

Question 33

Rh factor

Answer 33

Antigen on red blood cells

Question 34

Serum

Answer 34

Plasma w/out clotting proteins & cells

Question 35

Stem cell

Answer 35

In unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms

Question 36

Thrombin

Answer 36

Enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin during blood clotting

Question 37

Thrombocyte

Answer 37

Platelet

Question 38

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 38

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction (congenital spherocytic anemia)

Question 39

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 39

Crescent-shaped. Abnormal hemoglobin

Question 40

Polycythemia Vera

Answer 40

Increase in red blood cells (treated by phlebotomy and myelotoxic drugs)

Question 41

Leukemia

Answer 41

Increase in cancerous white blood cells

Question 42

Granulocytosis

Answer 42

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood (neutrophils)

Question 43

Mononucleosis

Answer 43

Increase # of mononuclear leukocytes/ enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Question 44

Multiple myeloma

Answer 44

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Question 45

Poikilocytosis

Answer 45

Irregularity in shape of red blood cells (in certain anemia)

Question 46

Pernicious anemia

Answer 46

Lack of mature red cells; can't absorb B12

Question 47

Thalassemia

Answer 47

Can't produce hemoglobin (common in Mediterranean)

Question 48

Aplastic anemia

Answer 48

No cell production on marrow

Question 49

Hemochromatosis

Answer 49

Excess iron deposits in body

Question 50

Polycythemia

Answer 50

Abnormal increase in red blood cells

Question 51

Hemophilia

Answer 51

Excessive bleeding for lack of clotting factors

Question 52

Coagulation time

Answer 52

Time required for venous blood to clot in test tube

Question 53

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 53

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Question 54

Hematocrit

Answer 54

Percentage of red cells in a volume of blood

Question 55

Edema

Answer 55

Swelling (fluid from blood leaks into tissue)

Question 56

Petechiae

Answer 56

Tiny purple/red flat spots on skin from hemorrhages

Question 57

Relapse

Answer 57

Disease symptoms/signs reappear

Question 58

Remission

Answer 58

Disappearance of signs/symptoms

Question 59

Prothrombin

Answer 59

Plasma protein change to thrombin in clotting process

Question 60

Anticoagulants

Answer 60

Heparin, warfarin

Question 61

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 61

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 62

Anemia

Answer 62

Deficiency in red blood cells/hemoglobin

Question 63

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 63

Less concave and fragile

Question 64

Purpura

Answer 64

Pinpoint hemorrhages/blood under skin