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Nervous System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Nervous impulses

A

Electrical discharges

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2
Q

Receptors

A

Sense organs

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3
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses, autonomic nerves

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5
Q

Vagus nerve

A

10th cranial nerve carries messages to and from neck, chest, abdomen

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6
Q

Plexus

A

Large network or nerves in (PNS)

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7
Q

Sensory (afferent) nerves

A

Carry messages in relation to enviro change to spine and brain

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8
Q

Motor (efferent) nerves

A

Travel from spine and brain to muscles informing how to respond

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary nerves carries impulses away from CNS

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10
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Internal chemical that activates the cell membranes of nerve cells

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11
Q

Sympathetic nerve

A

Stimulate in times of stress and crisis (speed up)

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

Act as balance for sympathetic nerves (slows down)

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13
Q

Neuron

A

An individual nerve cell

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching fibers of the neuron

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15
Q

Ganglia (ganglion)

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Axon

A

Carries impulses away form body cell

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17
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulate axon and speeds up transmission of electrical impulses

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18
Q

Terminal end fibers

A

Exit pathway from cell

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19
Q

Synapse

A

Space where nervous impulses jumps from neuron to neuron

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20
Q

Nerve

A

Macroscopic see with naked eye

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21
Q

Parenchyma

A

Neurons and nerves (essential distinguishing tissue of an organ)

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22
Q

Stroma

A

Connective and supportive tissue of an organ

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23
Q

Glial cells

A

Ward off infection and make up supportive framework

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24
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-like trans water and salt between capillaries and neurons

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25
Microglial cells
Many branching. Protect neurons from inflammation
26
Oligodendroglial cells
Form myelin sheath in CNS
27
Ependymal cells
Line membranes in brain and spine
28
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Block harmful substances from entering brain
29
Cerebral cortex
Surface of cerebrum
30
Gyri
Folds in the brain
31
Sulci
Grooves in brain
32
Ventricles
Canals in middle of cerebrum
33
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fluid around spinal cord and through brain
34
Lumbar puncture (LP)
Fluid withdrawn from spine
35
Thalamus
Maintains awareness and consciousness and decides what is important and not
36
Hypothalamus
Controls body temp, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, emotions and regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland, monitors sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems
37
Brainstem
Pons and medulla
38
Cerebellum
Coordinates voluntary movements maintains balance/posture
39
Pons
Connects cerebellum and cerebrum
40
Medulla oblongata
Connects spinal cord with brain, nerve tracts side to side, regulates blood vessels heart and respiratory system
41
Arachnoid membrane
Middle layer of 3 membranes that surround brain/spine
42
Cauda equina
Collection of spinal nerves below end of spine
43
Cell body
Part of nerve cell that contains nucleus
44
Cerebrum
Largest part of brain controls muscles,vision,speech,taste,hearing,thought,memory
45
Cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves carry messages about head/neck
46
Dura mater
Outer layer of meninges
47
Meninges
3 protective membranes around brain/spine
48
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger released at end of nerve cell
49
Pia mater
Inner membrane of meninges
50
Sciatic nerve
Nerve from base of spine down to foot
51
Spinal nerves
31 pairs in spine
52
Spina bifida
Unfused vertebrae that create defects in lower back (occulta skin covered and cystica outside body)
53
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Degeneration of motor neurons
54
Huntington disease
Hereditary involuntary movements
55
Multiple sclerosis
Myelin sheath replaced by hard plaques
56
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Weakening of muscles
57
Parkinson disease
Tremors, weak muscles, slow movement
58
Herpes zoster (shingles)
Viral. Effects peripheral nerves
59
HIV encephalopathy
Brain disease/ dementia w/ AIDS
60
CT
Computed tomography
61
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
62
PET
Positron emission tomography scan
63
Doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves detect blood flow in carotid and intracranial arteries
64
EEG
Electroencephalography (recording of electrical activity of brain)
65
Lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF between 2 lumbar vertebra withdrawn
66
Stereotactic radiosurgery
Instruments that locate & treat targets in brain
67
Frontal lobe
Thought process, behavior, personality, emotion
68
Parietal lobe
Sensations, visual/spatial perception
69
Occipital lobe
Vision
70
Wernicke area
Language comprehension
71
Temporal lobe
Hearing, understanding, speech, language
72
Broca area
Language expression
73
Cerebral angiography
X-Ray image of arterial blood vessels in brain after injection of contrast material
74
Paresthesia
Abnormal sensation
75
Subdural hematoma
Collection of blood w/in meningeal layers
76
Nerve cells (neurons)
Microscopic, collected into macroscopic nerves, carry electrical messages all over body
80
Holter monitoring
ECG worn 24hrs to detect cardiac arrhythmias
83
Cardiac catheterization
Detects pressures & patterns in blood flow with tube in heart through vein or artery
83
Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
Recording of electricity through heart
83
Cardioversion (defibrillation)
Discharges of electricity applied across chest to stop dysrhythmias
83
Extracorporeal circulation
Heart-lung machine diverts blood from heart/lungs while repairing heart
83
Thrombolytic therapy
Drugs that dissolve clots in people with coronary thrombosis
83
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
Placement of balloon aortic valve in heart by catheter

Med Term (28 decks)

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