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PCP > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A
  • Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
  • Veins: Carry blood backtowards the heart
  • Capillaries
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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of Arteries and veins called

A
  1. Tunica adventitia
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica intima
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3
Q

What is the opening of a vessel called

A

the lumen

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4
Q

Describe the Tunica adventitia layer

A
  • Protective fibrous layer
  • Strong layer allows the vessel to withstand BP
  • outermost layer of the blood vessel
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5
Q

Describe the Tunica media

A
  • Middle layer of the blood vessel
  • Gives strength and contractility to the vessel
  • primarly smooth muscle
  • much thicker in arteries then in veins
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6
Q

Describe the Tunica intima

A
  • Innermost layer of the blood vessel
  • smooth cell linning made up of simple squamous epithelium
  • One cell thick
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7
Q

What are Arteries and what is the largest and smallest artery

A
  • Thick walled muscular vessels
  • typically under high-pressure systems
  • Aorta is the largest artery
  • arterioles is the smalles artery
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8
Q

Describe veins

A
  • thinner walls then arteries
  • operate with the low pressure system
  • **Pulmonary veins ** carry oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
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9
Q

What are the 2 largest veins

A

Inferior and superior venae cavae

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10
Q

What is the smallest vein

A

Venules

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11
Q

What are Baroreceptors and how do they work with the feedback loop

A
  • Baroreceptors are specialized cells that detect stretch within the Carotid artery and aorta
  • When stretch is detected they send messages to the Cardiovascular system via the vagus nerve which will trigger the nervous system to either dilate or constrict the blood vessels to account for the stretch or lack of
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12
Q

What is Atherosclerosis

A

The thicking of the arterial walls due to accumilation of fatty material and the secondary response that follows

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13
Q

How does Atherosclerosis occur?

A
  • Build up of fatty substances on the aterial walls (typically around areas of turbulent blood flow)
  • as the amount increases is becomes a Atheroma (mass of fatty tissue) which hardens as it grows and ultimatly becomes plaque
  • the plaque will attach to the artieral wall and decrease elacicity
  • when attached it continues to grow and causes narrowing of the blood vessel which impacts the flow of blood
  • this accumulation of plaque provides an area of a clot to grow or for a thrombus to get caught
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14
Q

What is Atheriosclerosis

A

when Ca2+ leaks into the blood vessel causing it to harden/ stiffen

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15
Q

What is Atheriosclerosis

A

when Ca2+ leaks into the blood vessel causing it to harden/ stiffen

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16
Q

What is Atherosclerosis the main cause for?

A
  • Angina
  • MI
  • Heartfailure
  • Aortic aneruysm & dissection
  • peripheral vascular disorder
  • stroke
17
Q

What is angina

A
  • Sudden chest pain that occurs when the myocardium has insefficent O2 supply
  • This causes the myocardium to become Ischemic and switch to anaerobic metabolism
  • This causes build up of lactic acid and CO2
18
Q

What does Angina Pectoris mean

A

“Choking in the chest

19
Q

Define Unstable Angina

A
  • Noticeable changes in:
  • Frequency
  • Severity
  • Duration (<15 min)
    *and occurs without predictible exersion
  • indicates greater degree of obstruction in the coronary arteries
20
Q

Define Stable angina

A
  • Chest pain that follows a reoccurent pattern that is predicible in:
  • Pain
  • Duration, intensity
  • typically predicable follower certain excersion
21
Q

define Prinzmetal Angina

A
  • Caused by coronary artery vasospasm
22
Q

What is Acute Coronary Syndrom (ACS)

A

Refers to a continum of cardiac disorders

23
Q

What is a AMI

A
  • AMI : acute myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
  • Portion of the myocardium is derived of O2 long enough of cells to start to die
  • Most commonly due to Atherosclerosis
  • Can occur from Coronary artery spasm - Caused by Pinzmetal angina or cocain overdose
24
Q

Define Anastomosis

A

connection between blood vessels

25
Q

Define Collateral circulation

A

Alternative routes for bloodflow created by multiple anastomosis

PCP (17 decks)

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