Blood Vessels

Question 1

Vessel walls contain (3):

Answer 1

tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa

Question 2

Tunica interna (intima):

Answer 2

simple squamous endothelium, slick lining, selectively permeable barrier

Question 3

Tunica media (middle):

Answer 3

thick layer with smooth muscle, collagen, and maybe elastin

responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 4

Tunica externa (outer):

Answer 4

loose connective tissue, anchors vessel to its surroundings

Question 5

Vaso vasorum:

Answer 5

large vessels have their own network of small vessels

Question 6

Biggest arteries:

Answer 6

conducting (elastic) arteries

ex. aorta

Question 7

Midsized arteries:

Answer 7

distributing (muscular) arteries

ex. femoral

Question 8

Smallest arteries:

Answer 8

resistance arteries, less than 0.1 mm diameter

ex. arterioles, metarterioles

Question 9

Baroreceptors:

Answer 9

send signals to the vasomotor and cardiac center of the brain

Question 10

Chemoreceptors:

Answer 10

send signals to the respiratory centers of the brain

Question 11

Baroreceptors - Aortic Sinus

Answer 11

innervated by vagus nerve

Question 12

Baroreceptor - Carotid Sinuses

Answer 12

innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

Chemoreceptors - Carotid Bodies

Answer 13

innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 14

Chemoreceptors - Aortic Bodies

Answer 14

innervated by vagus nerve

Question 15

Arteries shift blood flow with ____

Answer 15

changing priorities

Question 16

Continuous capillary:

Answer 16

endothelial cells joined by tight junctions, but some intercellular clefts present

Question 17

Fenestrated capillary:

Answer 17

endothelial cells have filtration pores facilitating exchange

Question 18

Sinusoid (discontinuous capillary):

Answer 18

irregular, tortuous passages with wide gaps between endothelial cells

Question 19

Capillary exchange (4 steps):

Answer 19

1. Filtration ex. electrolytes
2. Transcytosis ex. hormone
3. Diffusion ex. O2 and Co2
4. Intercellular clefts ex. glucose

Question 20

Simple path of circulatory route:

Answer 20

artery -> capillary -> vein

Question 21

Portal system:

Answer 21

sequence of two capillary beds

Question 22

Anastomosis:

Answer 22

vessel merger without intervening capillary bed

Question 23

Arterioscelerosis:

Answer 23

stiffening of vessels that occur with age

Question 24

Atherosclerosis:

Answer 24

growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls

Question 25

Orthostatic hypotension:

Answer 25

common in elderly

Question 26

Aneurysm:

Answer 26

bulge in weakened vessels, susceptible to rupture

Question 27

Varicose veins:

Answer 27

pooling of blood stretches vein, cusps of venous valves are stretched and veins become distended

Question 28

chapter summary

Answer 28

arteries are efferent vessels veins are afferent vessels