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Anatomy Block 3 > Blood vessels, Nerves, viscera > Flashcards

Blood vessels, Nerves, viscera Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the Right common carotid artery originate?

A

-brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

Where does the Left common carotid artery originate?

A

-aortic arch

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3
Q

where does the common carotid bifurcate?

A

-ascends through carotid sheath to thyroid cartilage to divide into external and internal carotid arteries

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4
Q

Carotid sheath

A
  • internal jugular veins are lateral to common carotid

- vagas nerve lies between the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery, posteriorly

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5
Q

carotid sinus

A
  • localized dilation at terminal part of common carotid/ start of internal carotid artery
  • walls contain glossopharyngeal nerve endings sensitive to changes in blood pressure
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6
Q

carotid body

A
  • highly vascular epithelial structure at bifurcation of common carotid
  • has nerve endings from glossophayngeal nerve to respond to chemical changes in blood
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7
Q

what are important in reflex control of heart rate, BP, respiratory rate and depth?

A

-carotid sinus and carotid body

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8
Q

External carotid artery

A
  • begins at upper border of thyroid cartilage
  • ascends into carotid triangle
  • leave carotid triangle and runs deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
  • divides into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery in parotid gland
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9
Q

AnteriorBranches of the external carotid artery

A
  • superior thyroid
  • lingual
  • facial
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10
Q

Posterior branches of external carotid artery

A

-occipital and posterior auricular arteries

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11
Q

Medial branch of external carotid artery

A

-ascending pharyngeal artery

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12
Q

Terminal branch of external carotid artery

A

-superficial temporal and maxillary arteries

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13
Q

superior thyroid artery

A
  • anterior branch of external carotid artery
  • descends vertically to supply thyroid
  • branches into superior laryngeal artey which travels with internal laryngeal nerve
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14
Q

Lingual artery

A
  • anterior branch of external carotid(near hyoid bone)
  • initial segment is crossed superficially by hypoglossal nerve
  • passes deep to hypoglossal muscle
  • gives off branches that supply tongue
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15
Q

facial artery

A
  • ascends deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid and curves around mandible to enter the face
  • BEFORE entering the face, gives branches that supply pharynx, soft palate, tonsils, submandibular gland
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16
Q

Occipital artery

A
  • posterior branch of external carotid artery
  • passes deep to posterior belly of digastric and mastoid process to get to the back of scalp
  • terminal branches work with occipital nerve to supply back of scalp
  • branches along the course supply auricle, middle ear,cranial dura mater
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17
Q

posterior auricular artery

A
  • posterior branch of external carotid artery
  • insertion: notch between cartilage of external acoustic meatus and mastoid process
  • supplies auricle, middle ear, scalp above and behind the ear, and parotid gland
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18
Q

Ascending pharyngeal artery

A
  • medial branch of the external carotid artery
  • smallest branch of external carotid
  • goes along pharyngeal wall parallel to internal carotid artery
  • supplies to pharynx, soft palate, palantine tonsil, middle ear, and cranial dura mater
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19
Q

Superficial temporal artery

A
  • terminal branch of external carotid
  • upward continuation of external carotid
  • terminates at root of zygomatic process of temporal bone
  • divides into anterior and posterior branches
  • supplies temporal, frontal, and parietal regions of the skull
  • branches supply to external ear, parotid gland, face, and temporomandibular joint
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20
Q

Maxillary artery

A
  • terminal branch of external carotid artery
  • passes deep to neck of mandible
  • runs through infrtemporal fossa and terminates in pterygopalatine fossa
  • supplies external and middle ear, teeth, muscles for mastication, face, nasal cavity
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21
Q

Internal jugular vein

A
  • drainage from most of head and neck
  • starts at jugular foramen and ends in the sternoclavicular junction where it meets subclavian vein to make braciocephalic vein
  • in carotid sheath, runs laterally from common carotid artery and internal carotid artery
  • deep cervical lymph
  • bulbs
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22
Q

bulbs of the internal jugular vein

A
  • dilation on inferior and superior ends of the vein

- superior and inferior bulbs

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23
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

-formed by subclavian and internal jugular vein

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24
Q

internal jugular vein tributaries

A
  • inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses drain into the superior bulb
  • pharyngeal vein
  • facial vein
  • occipital vein
  • superior and middle thyroid vein
  • lingual vein
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25
Right Subclavian artery
- branch of brachiocephalic trunk | - begins posterior to sternoclavicular joint
26
Left subclavian artery
-branch off the aortic arch
27
what divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?
-scalenus anterior muscle
28
first part of subclavian artery
``` -from origin to medial border of scalenus anterior Branches -vertebral artery -thyrocervical -internal thoracic artery ```
29
second part of subclavian artery
-posterior to scalenus anterior Branches: -costocervical trunk(may originate from first part)
30
Third part of subclavian artery
- from lateral border of scalenus anterior to lateral border of the first rib - becomes continuous with axillary artery - gives rise to dorsal scapular artery or may have no branches
31
vertebral artery
- originates from first part of subclavian artery | - divided into 4 parts
32
first (prevertebral) part of vertebral artery
- run from subclavian artery to transverse foramen of C6 - between longus colli and scalenus anterior - inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion lies posterior
33
Second (cervical) part of vertebral artery
- through transverse foramen of C6 to C1 - anterior to those ventral rami - gives off small muscular and spinal branches
34
Third (atlantic) part of vertebral artery
- lies in a groove on superior surface of posterior arch of atlas - within the suboocipital triangle
35
Fourth (intracranial) part of vertebral artery
- pierces dura mater and arachnoid and ascends into cranial cavity via foramen magnum - gives off branches for blood supply to the brain stem
36
thyrocervical trunk branches
- inferior thyroid artery - superficial(transverse) artery - suprascapular artery
37
inferior thyroid artery
- branch of thyrocervical trunk - supplies: larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid and parathyroid glands - closely related to the recurrent laryngeal nerve - branches into ascending cervical artery: supplies adjacent muscles
38
superficial (transverse) artery
- branch of thyrocervical trunk - supplies superficial muscles of the upper back - when dorsal scapular artery comes off of subclavian artery, it is called superficial - when it branches to form the dorsal suprascapular, it is called transverse
39
suprascaular artery
- branch of thyrocervical trunk - joined by suprascapular nerve as it approaches scapula - supplies muscles on posterior aspect of scapula
40
Costocervical trunk
- originates from the second part of the subclavian artery | - goes posterior over cervical pleura toward the first rib where it splits into two branches
41
What are the branches that costocervical trunk divides into?
- supreme intercostal artery | - deep cervical artery
42
Supreme intercostal artery
- branch of costocervical trunk - descends in front of neck of first and second ribs - gives off posterior intercostal arteries of upper 2
43
Deep cervical artery
- branch of costocervical trunk - passes between transverse process of C7 and neck of first rib - then goes between semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis muscle - anastomoses with occipital artery - supplies deep muscles of back and neck
44
Dorsal scapular artery
- may originate from transverse cervical artery or MOST COMMONLY from third part of subclavian artery - runs through brachial plexus, deep to levator scapula to the angle of the scapula - goes along medial surface of scapula with dorsal scapular nerve - anastomoses with suprascapular and subscapular arteries
45
Subclavian vein
- begins at lateral border of first rib, continuation of axillary vein - separated from subclavian artery by scalenus anterior muscle - joins internal jugular vein posterior to sternoclavicular joint to form brachiocephalic vein - EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN IS ONLY TRIBUTARY
46
Vagas Nerve
- motor and sensory fibers - originates at medulla oblongata and exits skull at jugular foramen - descends in neck within carotid sheath
47
What structures does the vagas nerve pass between?
Superiorly: internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery Inferiorly: internal jugular vein and common carotid artery
48
What sensory ganglia are associated with the vagas nerve?
Superior ganglion: small, lies on vagas nerve within jugular foramen Inferior ganglion: larger, lies on vagas nerve inferior to jugular foramen
49
Branches of vagas nerve within the jugular foramen
Meningeal branch: supplies dura mater of posterior cranial fossa Auricular branch: runs with temporal bone-supplies to auricle, external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane
50
Name the branches of the vagas nerve in the neck
- pharyngeal branch - superior laryngeal nerve - cardiac branches - right recurrent laryngeal nerve
51
Pharyngeal branch of vagas nerve
- motor innervation for muscles of pharynx and soft palate | - part of the pharyngeal plexus
52
name the branches of superior laryngeal nerve
- internal laryngeal nerve | - external laryngeal nerve
53
internal laryngeal nerve
- pierces thyrohyoid membrane with superior laryngeal vessels - supplies SENSORY innervation to mucosa of laryngopharynx, larynx, and posterior part of tongue
54
External laryngeal nerve
-MOTOR innervation for cricothyroid muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
55
Cardiac branches of vagas nerve
-end in cardiac plexus in thorax
56
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
- branch of vagas nerve - curves around inferior aspect of right subclavian artery - ascends to larynx in groove between trachea and esophagus to the right side
57
Accessory Nerve
- motor fibers (union of spinal and cranial roots) - originates from C1 to C5 segments of spinal cord - enters posterior cranial fossa through foramen magnum - exits cranial fossa through jugular foramen - supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
58
Hypoglossal nerve
- MOTOR fibers that supply the tongue - originates in medulla and exits skull by hypoglossal canal - joined by fibers from ventral rami of C1 and they can go to ansa cervicalis or stay on to supply geniohyoid
59
Name the branches of the hypoglossal nerve
- meningeal branch - upper root of ansa cervicalis - nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid - terminal branches that supply intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue-only branch with true hypoglossal fibers
60
cervical part of the sympathetic trunk
- upward continuation of thoracic sympathetic trunk - NO WHITE COMMUNICATING RAMI - go through sympathetic trunk to get to cervical ganglia - divides into 3 interconnected ganglia - ALL BRNACHES FROM THESE ONLY HAVE POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS
61
Superior cervical ganglion
``` -largest cervical ganglion Branches: -internal carotid nerve -external carotid nerve -grey communicating rami(C1-C4) -pharyngeal branches -superior cervical cardiac nerve ```
62
Middle Cervical ganglion
-smalles and most variable cervical ganglion -lies at level of cricoid cartilage, close to inferior thyroid artery Branches -grey rami(C5 and C6) -Middle cervical cardiac nerve -thyroid branches
63
Inferior cervical ganglion
-can fuse with first throacic ganglion to form CERVICOTHORACIC (STELLATE) GANGLION -lies between transverse process of C7 and neck of first rib Branches -grey rami(C7 and C8) -branches that go with vertebral and subclavian arteries -inferior cervical cardiac ganglion -ansa subclavia
64
Cervical plexus
- formed by ventral rami of C1 to C4 spinal nerves | - rami connected by nerve loop located anterior to levator scapulae and deep to sternocleidomastoid
65
Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
-lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves
66
Branches of cervical plexus
- cutaneous branches - ansa cervicalis - phrenic - muscular branches
67
Phrenic nerve off cervical plexus
- anterior to scalenus anterior - anterior to first part of subclavian artery - through mediastinum to reach diaphragm
68
Muscular branches of cervical plexus
-sensory fibers to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
69
what does thyroid gland secrete?
- endocrine gland - secretes: thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3) to stimulate metabolic rate - also secretes calcitonin to lower calcium levels
70
What is the thyroid surrounded by?
- connective tissue sheath from PRETRACHEAL LAYER of deep cervical fascia - moves it up and down when swallowing
71
Thyroid gland location
- originates from endoderm of floor of pharynx - migrates inferiorly for final position - foramen cecum indicates origin
72
thyroglossal duct
-connects thyroid to tongue through migration
73
Thyroglossal cysts
- caused by persistence of a segment of thyroglossal duct | - usually anterior midline of the neck near hyoid bone
74
Name the lobes of the thyroid
- right and left lobe - isthmus - pyramidal lobe
75
Right and left lobe of thyroid
Apex-directed upward and reaches oblique line of thyroid cartilage Base-directed downward and reaches 4 or 5th tracheal cartilages
76
Isthmus
-extends across midline anterior to second and third tracheal cartilages
77
Pyramidal lobe
- projects upward from isthmus - not always there - represents remnant of thyroglossal duct
78
Relations to lobes
Anterolaterally-sternohyoid, sternothyroid, sternocleidomastoid Posterolaterally- carotid sheath and contents Medially- larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, laryngeal nerves Posterior border-parathyroid glands
79
Relations to isthmus
Anteriorly: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, anterior jugular vein Posteriorly: 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages
80
Name the two PRIMARY arteries associated with the thyroid
- superior thyroid artery | - inferior thyroid artery
81
What artery is associated with the thyroid in 10% of people
Thyroid ima artery - originates from brachiocephalic trunk of aortic arch - anterior surface of thyroid to reach isthmus - think about this when youre a surgeon
82
Thyroid veins
- superior and middle thyroid veins-drain into internal jugular vein - inferior thyroid vein-drain into brachiocephalic vein
83
parathyroid glands
2 superior and 2 inferior - under thyroid facial sheath - secrete parathormone(increase calcium levels) - artery supply: superior and inferior thyroid arteries - Veins: drain into thyroid venous plexus
84
superior parathyroid glands
-lie at lower border of cricoid cartillage
85
Inferior parathyroid glands
- lie near inferior poles of lobes of thyroid - less consistant in position - can go below thyroid gland or up towards thymus

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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