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Anatomy Block 3 > Brain, blood, cranial meninges > Flashcards

Brain, blood, cranial meninges Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
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2
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A
  • thalamus

- hypothalamas

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3
Q

What are the general parts of the brain?

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • telencephalon(cerebral hemispheres)
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4
Q

What are the parts of the medulla?

A
  • anterior median fissure
  • pyramids
  • olive
  • Pre-olivary sulcus
  • retro-olivary sulcus
  • medullopontine sulcus
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5
Q

Anterior median fissure

A
  • part of medulla

- continuous inferiorly with anterior median fissure of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Pyramids

A
  • part of medulla
  • two longitudinal columns
  • one on each side of the anterior median fissure
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7
Q

Olive

A
  • part of medulla

- oval elevation lateral to upper part of pyramid

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8
Q

Pre-olivary sulcus

A
  • located between olive and pyramid

- attachment of rootlets of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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9
Q

Retro-Olivary sulcus

A
  • Located posterior to olive
  • attachment of rootlets of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX), Vagas nerve(CNX)
  • the nerves are in line with accessory nerve on spinal cord
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10
Q

Medullopontine sulcus

A 
-divides medualla and pons
Nerves attach medial to lateral
-Abducens(CN VI)
-Facial Nerve(CN VII)
-Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
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11
Q

Pons

A
  • basilar artery lies in midline groove

- attachment of trigeminal nerve (CN V) on anterior surface

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12
Q

Midbrain

A
  • cerebral crura (white motor tracts): two columns of descending fibers
  • attachment of oculomotor nerve (CN III) to medial border of cerebral crura
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13
Q

4th ventricle

A

-cavity between cerebellum(posterior) and pons/upper medulla(anterior)

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14
Q

how would you view the posterior surface of the brain stem?

A

-remove cerebellum by cutting 3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

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15
Q

Rhomboid fossa

A
  • the only hole in an otherwise closed cranial system

- in 4th ventricle

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16
Q

what are the four elevations that mark the posterior surface of the midbrain?

A
  • 2 superior colliculi

- 2 inferior colliculi

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17
Q

superior colliculi

A
  • posterior surface elevations on midbrain

- visual system

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18
Q

Inferior colliculi

A
  • posterior surface elevations on midbrain

- auditory system

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19
Q

what is the only cranial nerve attached to posterior surface of the brain stem?

A
  • trochlear nerve (CN IV)

- emerges immediately below inferior colliculi

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20
Q

what separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • longitudinal fissure
  • separation is INCOMPLETE
  • at the bottom of the fissure, there are large bundles of fibers that connect the hemispheres
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21
Q

What keeps the right and left hemispheres connected?

A
  • large bundle of fibers located at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure
  • called Corpus Callosum
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22
Q

How many lobes does each hemisphere have and name them.

A
  • 5
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • insular
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23
Q

Central sulcus

A

-separates frontal and parietal lobes

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24
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

-separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

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25
Where is the insular lobe?
-deep to lateral sulcus
26
What arteries supply the brain?
- vertebral artery | - internal carotid artery
27
Vertebral artery
- branch of 1st part of subclavian artery | - enters through foramen magnum
28
Basilar artery
- right and left vertebral arteries join at medulloponitine sulcus to form this - runs along anterior midline of pons and then divides into right and left posterior cerebral arteries
29
Vertebral and basilar arteries supply what?
- spinal cord - brainstem - cerebellum - posterior parts of cerebral hemisphere
30
Internal carotid artery
- begins at bifurcation of common carotid artery at upper border of thyroid cartillage - divided into 4 parts(cervical, petrous, cavernous, cerebral)
31
Cervical part of internal carotid artery
-from origin to base of the skull
32
Petrous part of internal carotid artery
-within carotid canal in petrous parts of temporal bone
33
Cavernous part of internal carotid artery
-within cavernous sinus
34
Cerebral part of internal carotid artery
- after it exits cavernous sinus, to its termination | - divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries at termination
35
Internal carotid artery BRANCHES
4 - ophthalmic artery - posterior communicating artey - anterior cerebral artery - middle cerebral artery
36
Ophthalmic artery
- branch of internal carotid artery | - enters orbit via optic canal with optic nerve
37
posterior communicating artery
-connects internal carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery
38
Anterior cerebral artery
-right and left anterior cerebral arteries are connected to each other by anterior communicating artery
39
Cerebral arterial circle
- circle of willis - formed by large cerebral arteries and their interconnections on ventral surface of brain - serves as a potential vascular shunt to help circulation if one of the proximal vessels is blocked
40
Components of the circle of willis
- anterior communicating arteries - anterior cerebral arteries - internal carotid artery - posterior communicating artery - posterior cerebral artery
41
Contents of the cavernous sinus
-posterior communicating artery -internal carotid artery -From superior to inferior... CN III,IV,VI, ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve
42
Borders of the cavernous sinus
- optic chiasm - sphenoidal sinus - hypophysis(pituitary gland)
43
Layers of the dura mater of the brain
Periosteal/endosteal(outer layer)-covers the inner surface of skull bones Meningeal(inner layer)-dura mater proper, faces brain -closely united, except where they separate to form dural venous sinus
44
Dural venous sinus
-venous blood channels lined by epithelium
45
Dural septa
- formed by meningeal layer - Flax Cerebri - sickle-shaped fold that lies in midline between right and left cerebral hemispheres - basically a pull down of dura
46
Internal carotid artery BRANCHES
4 - ophthalmic artery - posterior communicating artey - anterior cerebral artery - middle cerebral artery
47
Ophthalmic artery
- branch of internal carotid artery | - enters orbit via optic canal with optic nerve
48
posterior communicating artery
-connects internal carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery
49
Anterior cerebral artery
-right and left anterior cerebral arteries are connected to each other by anterior communicating artery
50
Cerebral arterial circle
- circle of willis - formed by large cerebral arteries and their interconnections on ventral surface of brain - serves as a potential vascular shunt to help circulation if one of the proximal vessels is blocked
51
Components of the circle of willis
- anterior communicating arteries - anterior cerebral arteries - internal carotid artery - posterior communicating artery - posterior cerebral artery
52
Contents of the cavernous sinus
-posterior communicating artery -internal carotid artery -From superior to inferior... CN III,IV,VI, ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve
53
Borders of the cavernous sinus
- optic chiasm - sphenoidal sinus - hypophysis(pituitary gland)
54
Layers of the dura mater of the brain
Periosteal/endosteal(outer layer)-covers the inner surface of skull bones Meningeal(inner layer)-dura mater proper, faces brain -closely united, except where they separate to form dural venous sinus
55
Dural venous sinus
-venous blood channels lined by epithelium
56
Dural septa
- formed by meningeal layer - Flax Cerebri - sickle-shaped fold that lies in midline between right and left cerebral hemispheres - basically a pull down of dura
57
Tentorium cerebelli
- crescent-shaped fold that roofs over posterior cranial fossa - separates cerebellum from occipital lobes of cerebral hemisphere
58
Flax cerebelli
-small sickle shaped fold in posterior cranial fossa that projects between right and left cerebral hemispheres
59
Diaphragma sellae
-small circular fold that forms roof of stella turcica(where pituitary stalk sits)
60
Dural venous sinuses
- located between inner and outer layers of dura mater - receive blood from brain as well as cerebrospinal fluid from subarachnoid space - blood collected by dural benous sinuses drains ultimately into internal jugular veins
61
superior sagittal sinus
- runs along upper border of flax cerebri - begins at foramen cecum - terminates in confluence of sinuses
62
Inferior saggital sinus
- runs along lower, free border of flax cerebri, joins great cerebral vein to form straight sinus - TAKES BLOOD TO CONFLUENCE OF SINUS
63
Straight sinus
- runs in midline, along junction of flax cerebri and tentorium cerebelli - terminates posteriorly in confluence of sinuses - TAKES BLOOD TO CONFLUENCE OF SINUS
64
transverse sinus
- takes blood from confluence of sinuses to temporal bone | - becomes continuous with sigmoid sinus
65
Sigmoid sinus
- direct continuation of transverse sinus | - terminates in jugular foramen and becomes continuous wih internal jugular vein
66
occipital sinus
- small sinus that runs along posterior border of falx cerebelli - ends superiorly in confluence of sinuses and inferiorly communicates with internal vertebral venous plexus
67
cavernous sinus
- in middle cranial fossa, one on each side of the sella turcica - drains contents of orbit, cerebral hemisphere, pituitary gland, and sphenoparietal sinus - internal carotid artery and abducens nerve are inside - drained posterioly by superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
68
superior petrosal sinus
- runs along superior border of petrous part of temporal bone - connects cavernous sinus with terminal part of transverse sinus
69
Inferior petrosal sinus
- runs along inferior border of petrous part of temporal bone - connects cavernous sinus with internal jugular vein - DIRECT ROUTE
70
Sphenoparietal sinus
- small sinus that runs along posterior borner of lesser wing of sphenoid - drains into cavernous sinus

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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