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Anatomy Block 3 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers does the scalp have?

A
  • 5

- the first three are bound together

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2
Q

Name the layers of the scalp

A
  • skin
  • connective tissue
  • aponeurosis
  • loose areolar connective tissue
  • pericranium
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3
Q

Skin of the scalp

A

-thick with hair and sebaceous glands

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4
Q

Connective tissue of the scalp

A
  • fibrous

- fatty connective tissue with septa that connect the skin to the aponeurosis

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5
Q

Aponeurosis of the scalp

A
  • epicranial

- thin, tendinous sheet that connects the bellies of the occipitofrontalis

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6
Q

Loose areolar connective tissue of the scalp

A

-located in the subaponeurotic space

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7
Q

Pericranium

A
  • the periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones
  • bone covering
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8
Q

Name the bellies of the occipitofrontalis

A
  • occipital belly

- frontal belly

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9
Q

Occipital belly

A

-originates from the nuchal line of the occipital bone and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis

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10
Q

Frontal belly

A

-originates from the skin and superficial fascia of the eyebrow area and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis

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11
Q

Action and innervation of the occipitofrontalis

A

Action: to move the scalp on the skull and raise the eyebrow
Innervation: facial nerve (CN 7)

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12
Q

Name the sensory nerves of the scalp

A
  • supratrochlear nerve
  • supraorbital nerve
  • zygomaticotemporal nerve
  • auriculotemporal nerve
  • lesser occipital nerve
  • greater occipital nerve
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13
Q

Where are the sensory nerves of the scalp located?

A

-superficial fascia

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14
Q

Supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve

A

-branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

Zygomaticotemporal nerve

A

-branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

auriculotemporal nerve

A

-branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerev

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17
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

A

-branch of the cervical plexus(C2)

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18
Q

greater occipital nerve

A

-a branch of the dorsal ramus of C2

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19
Q

Arterial supply of the scalp

A
  • supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries
  • superficial temporal artery
  • posterior auricular artery
  • occipital artery
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20
Q

Supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries

A
  • branches of the ophthalmic artery

- ascend over the forehead

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21
Q

superficial temporal artery

A
  • terminal branch of the external carotid artery

- ascend in front of the ear

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22
Q

Posterior auricular artery

A
  • a branch of the external carotid artery

- ascends behind the ear

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23
Q

Occipital artery

A
  • branch of the external carotid artery

- supplies the skin over the back of the skull

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24
Q

Supratrochlear and supraorbital veins

A

-unite at the medial margin of the orbit to form the facial vein

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25
Superficial temporal vein
-unites with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein
26
posterior auricular vein
-unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein
27
Occipital vein
-drains into the suboccipital venous plexus, which drains into the vertebral veins(internal jugular veins)
28
Veins of the scalp...
freely anastomose with eachother | -are also connected to the diploic veins and the intracranial venous sinuses by emissary veins
29
submandibular lymph nodes
-lymph vessels in the anterior part of the scalp and forehead drain here
30
Superficial parotid (preauricular) nodes
-lymph drainage from the lateral part of the scalp above the ear drains here
31
Mastoid nodes
-lymph vessels in the part of the scalp above and behind the ear drain here
32
Occipital nodes
-vessels in the back of the scalp drain here
33
Why does the scalp have an abundant blood supply?
-to nourish the hair follicles
34
Why is bleeding of the scalp hard to stop?
- the arterial walls are attached to fibrous septa in the subcutaneous tissue - the walls are unable to contract or retract to allow blood clotting
35
gaping wounds
- there is tension of the epicranial aponeurosis from the occipitofrontalis muscles - when the aponeurosis is divided, it gapes open
36
skin of the face
- has sweat and sebaceous glands - is connected to the underlying bones by loose connective tissue - muscles are embedded in the connective tissue
37
is there deep fascia in the face?
NO, BITCH
38
Why wrinkles?
- repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the axis of underlying muscles - skin loses elasticity
39
the skin of the face is innervated by the branches of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT
- except for a small area over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland. - that is innervated by the great auricle nerve(C2 and 3)
40
What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
- ophthalmic - maxillary - mandibular
41
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
-supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, the side of the nose down to and including the tip
42
name the branches of the ophthalmic division
- lacrimal nerve - supraorbital nerve - supratrochlear nerve - infratrochlear nerve - external nasal nerve
43
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
-supplies the skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, lateral side of the orbital opening
44
name the cutaneous branches of the maxillary division
- infraorbital nerve - zygomaticofacial nerve - zygomaticotemporal nerve
45
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
-supplies the skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the ear
46
Name the cutaneous branches of the mandibular division
- mental nerve - buccal nerve - auriculotemporal nerve
47
What supplies the face with blood?
-facial and superficial temporal arteries
48
facial artery
- courses upward and over the submandibular salivary gland | - curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the messeter muscle
49
Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery?
-where it crosses the mandible
50
facial artery course
- covered by platysma and risorious muscle | - goes from angle of the mouth to the medial angle of the eye
51
at the medial angle of the eye...
the facial artery anastomoses with the branches of the ophthalmic artery
52
Branches of the facial artery
- submental artery - inferior labial artery - superior labial artery - lateral nasal artery
53
superficial temporal artey
- transverse facial artery | - a branch of the superficial artery
54
What supplies blood to the forehead
-supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries(branches of the ophthalmic artery)
55
where is the facial vein formed?
-at the medial angle of the eye by the union of the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
56
how is the facial vein connected to the superior ophthalmic vein?
-directly through the supraorbital vein
57
THE FACIAL VEIN AND THE CAVERNOUS SINUS
- the facial vein is connected to the cavernous sinus by way of the superior ophthalmic vein - this provides a path for infections to spread
58
facial vein
- descends behind the facial artery to the lower margin of the mandible - crosses superficial to the submandibular salivary gland and is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein
59
What does the facial vein drain into?
-drains into the internal jugular vein
60
what joins the facial vein to the pterygoid venous plexus?
-deep facial vein
61
What joins the facial vein to the cavernous sinus?
superior ophthalmic vein
62
where does the transverse facial vein join the superficial temporal vein?
-in the parotid gland
63
submandibular lymph nodes
-lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains here
64
buccal lymph nodes
-among lymph vessels
65
parotid lymph nodes
-lateral part of the face, including the lateral parts of the eyelid, drained by lymph vessels that terminate here
66
submental lymph nodes
-the central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain here
67
Muscles of the face
- embedded in the superficial fascia - originate in bones and insert into the skin - innervated by facial nerve - surrounded by sphincters or dilators
68
eyelid
- sphincter: orbicularis oculi | - Dilator: levator palpebrae superioris and occiptiofrontalis
69
Nose
Sphincter: compressor naris Dilator: dilator naris
70
mouth
Sphincter: orbicularis oris Dilator: series of small muscles that radiate out from the lips
71
muscles of lips and cheeks
- sphincter: orbicularis oris - originate: from underlying bones or deep surface of the skin - innervation: buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve - action: compress lips together
72
dilator muscles of the lips
- radiate out from the lips - action: separate the lips - origin: bones and fascia around the mouth and converge as they insert into the lips - innervation: buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve
73
Buccinator origin
from the outer surface of the alveolar margins of the mandible and the maxilla -also from the pterygomandibular ligament
74
Buccinator pierces the...
parotid duct
75
buccinator innervation
buccal branch of the facial nerve
76
buccinator muscle
compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth
77
Facial nerve branches
- temporal branch - zygomatic branch - buccal branch - mandibular branch - cervical branch
78
Temporal branch
-supplies the anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly of occipitofrontalis, orbiularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii
79
zygomatic branch
supplies orbicularis oculi
80
buccal branch
supplies buccinator, muscles of the upper lip and nostril
81
mandibular branch
supplies muscles of the lower lip
82
cervical branch
-supplies platysma

Anatomy Block 3 (13 decks)

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