BMR, Vitamins, Hormones Flashcards
(28 cards)
How much kcal/day does a female need
1800-2400 kcal/day
How much kcal/day does a male need
2400-3200 kcal/day
What is Basal Metabolic Rate
A standard for comparing metabolism (BMR)
What BMR do males need
1700 kcal/day
What BMR do females need
1400 kcal/day
What factors influence an organism’s metabolism
With increased body size
-Total energy usage goes up
-Metabolic rate (kcal/hr) goes up
-Metabolic rate per gram goes down
Body temperature
How does BMR vary from species to species
In humans: 1 calorie/g/hour
In shrews 35 calroie/g/hour times as high
Pygmy Shrew needs high heart rate of 1511 bpm in order to keep heat
What can’t vitamins do
Don’t yield usable energy
Don’t have any direct impact on illness causing pathogens
Need to be consumed only in very small amounts
We consume sufficient amounts in our food
What is the function of vitamins
The support biochemical process, by serving as parts of enzyme involved in metabolic process
They are consumed in the reaction they never get used over and over again
What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
What are the 9 water insoluble vitamins and minerals
C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid
What can excess consumption of vitamin A lead to
Can lead to hair loss in men
What can excess consumption of vitamin D lead to
Can lead to growth retardation
Who might need vitamins supplement
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
People on caloric restrictions
People with low milk consumption and low sun exposure may need extra vitamin D
People with absorptions problems (such as when on antibiotics)
Women who lose large amounts of blood during menstruation may need extra iron
What is cellulose beta
Humans don’t have the enzyme that can break this bond we can’t get access to the thousand of glucose molecules
Source of fiber
Example is leafy veggies and trees
What is starch alpha
Humans do have the enzyme that can break this bond so we can access this glucose molecule
Example is potatoes and crackers
What risk does high fiber consumption prevent
Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Obesity
Colon Cancer
Lower blood pressure
What are hormones
Chemical signals secreted into body fluids
May reach many cells, only target cells respond
Elicit specific response in target cell
Are secreted by secretory cells into the extracellular fluid -> circulatory system (blood vessels)
What can hormones affect
Physique and physical performance
Mood and behavior
Cognitive Performance
How many hormones are present in body
More than 50
Where is Oxytocin produced
Produced in the hypothalamus; released from pituitary gland
What is the purpose of Oxytocin
“Intranasal administration of oxytocin causes a substantial increase in trust among humans”
Increases people’s trust in others
Encourage social attachments
Where is cortisol released from
Adrenal glands
What is the purpose of cortisol
The body’s primary stress hormone
Helps you fuel a flight or fight response
High doses suppress immune system a bit
